裙带菜的配子体在水池渡夏育苗的初步试验
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ON THE CULTIVATON OF SPORELINGS BY SUMMERLNG GAMETOPHYIES OF UNDARIA PINNATFIDA (HARV.) SUR. IN POOL
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    摘要:

    本文分析了裙带菜海上育苗产生的附着物问题,风浪对筏子的安全影响以及其他技术问题,因而提出了裙带菜育苗与海带相同的方向,以室内培育比较适宜,同时阐明了在室温条件下培育的原因。 实践的结果表明:1.室内水池育苗在每天的最大光强900~1000米烛,水温不超过海上温度,以过滤海水进行培养,裙带菜的配子体可以安全渡夏,秋后可以达到肉眼可见程度的幼苗,而基本不受附着物的危害;2.在水池环境育苗,竹皮比棕绳的育苗效果好,所以竹皮是裙带菜育苗的适宜生长基质;3.水池育苗的幼苗发生稠密,个体大,比海上育苗的幼苗发生量高20~128%。 我们对这一新的育苗法讨论了它的问题,并且认为:1.裙带菜的配子体有耐高温的性能,已为国内外的研究所证实,配子体于室内条件可以发育,也为斋藤报道过,因此配子体在水池渡夏并能培育出幼苗是可靠的。2.这种方法培育出的幼苗可以满足养殖嫩菜或成菜的要求,所以是一种有效的育苗方法。3.水池育苗比海上育苗安全,劳动条件好;比低温育苗成本低。由于水池育苗形式符合海藻培养业的专门经营;又因其技术简易又适于小型分散经营,这种育苗法比海上育苗和低温育苗在我国北方沿海更有广泛的应用价值。

    Abstract:

    Undaria plnnatifida (Harv.) Sur, in one of the important economic srawerds of China. So Far it has not yet been brought under cultivation by the artificial metliod,because there is no effective method to cultivate tl;e sparelings. Although the cultivalion of aporelinga was succeasful to a certain extent in the sea, there still exist some handicaps which hinder the growing of the sporelings. The spores of some other aeaweeds and larvae of various invertebrates adhere to the same substratum an which Undaria spares set, and hence they chock the development of the aporea of Undaria. Besides, the artificial substrata are often washed away- by the waves,so the cultivation in the aea is not safe during the aummer. Tseng, Sun and Wu (1955) suggested that cultivation of sporelings of Undaria be made at low temperature. According to our studies the gameiaphytes of Undaria grow well at 25-27℃, and the temperature of sea water seldom rises above 28℃ at Tsingtao. As temperature is oat a limiting factor far cultivating gametophytcs, so loo tempera.Lure method seems not neceasary. We collected the spores of Undaria in July and eulti-vhted them in pools indoors.When temperature dropped to below 25℃, the gametophytea began to develop into aporophytes. Under good light condition the sporelings grew larger and denser. When the temperature of the aea water dropped down to 22--23℃,the sporelings were transfered from the pool to the sea. A month later the sporelings grew to such sizea as 1.8-2.3 cm. There are three advantages in the artificial cultivation of Llndaria spnrelings in pools; (1)The temperature of sea water in pools lowers more quicl.ly than the tcmpersiure of water in the sea after middle autumn. Under lower temperature the young sporophytes grow larger than those in open sea. (2)Filtered sea water is free from various marine invertebrates, an that Undaria sporelings may grow denser. (3)This method of cultivation in pools is safe. sim ple and evono mical along northern China coast.

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李宏基,李庆杨.裙带菜的配子体在水池渡夏育苗的初步试验[J].水产学报,1965,2(3):37~48

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