为探讨碳酸盐碱度对脊尾白虾生长及卵巢发育的影响。本研究设置3 mmol/L (对照组)、5 mmol/L和8 mmol/L三种碳酸盐碱度梯度养殖脊尾白虾60 d，比较不同碳酸盐碱度胁迫对脊尾白虾生长性能、组织结构、酶活性以及卵巢发育的影响，结果显示，5 mmol/L组与对照组体长增长率、体重增长率以及成活率差异不显著，8 mmol/L组体长增长率、体重增长率以及成活率显著低于对照组。肝胰腺组织切片显示，5 mmol/L组中部分B细胞体积增大，部分转运泡内出现颗粒物质，8 mmol/L组管腔的形态结构严重变形。鳃组织切片显示，5 mmol/L组出现轻微鳃丝肿大现象，角质层略有变形，且角质层下间隙扩张变长，上皮细胞与支柱细胞排列紊乱；8 mmol/L组鳃丝肿大，排列不规则，出现血细胞肿胀现象，鳃丝上皮细胞严重破坏，毛细血管网结构形态改变，角质层下间隙变形。肌肉组织酶活性测定结果显示，5 mmol/L组的碳酸酐酶活性显著高于对照组，Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶活性在肌肉中差异不显著；肝胰腺组织酶活性测定结果显示，碳酸酐酶在肝胰腺组织中差异不显著，8 mmol/L组Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶活性显著低于其他组，鳃组织中，5和8 mmol/L组鳃组织中和Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶活性均显著高于对照组，且两组间差异显著。卵巢发育统计结果显示，三组脊尾白虾卵巢均能发育，其发育至Ⅱ期的百分比分别为20.51%、10.52%和6.25%，其中5 mmol/L组与对照组间无显著差异，8 mmol/L组显著低于对照组；3 mmol/L组和5 mmol/L组均有卵巢发育至Ⅲ期的脊尾白虾，但两组差异不显著，8 mmol/L组未见有卵巢发育至Ⅲ期的脊尾白虾。卵巢组织切片显示，8 mmol/L组卵原细胞细胞排列疏松，周围滤泡细胞排列疏松且数量较少。研究表明，脊尾白虾可以在低于8 mmol/L的碳酸盐碱度中生长发育，但高碳酸盐碱度可能会造成脊尾白虾鳃和肝胰腺组织损伤，导致其生长受到影响，同时猜测高碳酸盐碱度可能也会影响卵巢的发育速率。本研究可为开展脊尾白虾在盐碱水中的增养殖提供基础数据和参考信息。

In order to investigate the effects of carbonate alkalinity (CA) on the growth and ovary development of the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda, three CA gradients of 3 mmol/L (control group), 5 mmol/L and 8 mmol/L were set to culture E. carinicauda for 60 days, and the effects of different CA stress on the growth performance, tissue structure, enzyme activity and ovary development were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth gain, weight gain or survival rate between 5 mmol/L and control groups (P>0.05), while those of 8 mmol/L group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). Hepatopancreas sections showed that the morphological structure of the lumen was severely deformed in 8 mmol/L group. Gill sections showed that gill filaments were swollen, blood cells swelled, epithelial cells were seriously damaged, and the stratum corneum space was deformed in 8 mmol/L group. Carbonic anhydrase activity in 5 mmol/L group was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), while Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in muscle showed no significant difference (P>0.05); there was no significant difference in carbonic anhydrase in hepatopancreas (P>0.05), and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in hepatopancreas of 8 mmol/l group was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05). Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in gill of two stress groups was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). Ovaries of all three groups were able to develop, while only 3 mmol/l and 5 mmol/L groups had E. carinicauda ovary developed to stage Ⅲ; ovary sections showed that the arrangement of oocytes in 8 mmol/L group was loose, and the arrangement of surrounding follicular cells was loose and the number was small. To sum up, E. carinicauda can grow and develop in CA less than 8 mmol/L, but high CA may cause damage to the gills and hepatopancreas, thus affecting growth. At the same time, it is speculated that high CA may also affect the development rate of ovaries. This study provides basic data and reference information for the enhancement and cultivation of white shrimps in saline-alkaline water.

S 968.22

国家重点研发计划 (2018YFD0901302)；国家自然科学基金 (32072974)；现代农业产业技术体系专项 (CARS-48)；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD50)