Marine ranching in China has been a pivotal strategy for developing the "blue granary" and restoring depleted nearshore fishery resources. The industry has seen significant growth, yet it is not without its challenges, such as unclear goals, ill-defined habitat functions and scales, and an incomplete understanding of the habitat systems, particularly due to a weak theoretical foundation. The construction of artificial reefs, a critical component of marine ranching, is essential for sustaining the growth and reproduction of target species. However, current practices in China have predominantly focused on physical suitability and engineering feasibility, often overlooking the ecological adaptability of target organisms, leading to insufficient ecological functionality. The purpose of this study is to address the ecological insufficiency in the construction of artificial reefs within China's marine ranching by establishing a theoretical framework that emphasizes the ecological adaptability of target species. This framework aims to guide the construction of artificial reefs that are not only physically suitable but also ecologically functional. The study reviews the development history of marine ranching both domestically and internationally, and discusses the physical and biological environments of artificial reefs in China's marine ranching. It innovates the basic structure of artificial reef habitats in China's marine ranching and explores the ecological theory underlying their construction. The research has developed a theoretical framework centered on target species, emphasizing the conformity of habitat structure and function, as well as the consistency between scale and effect. This framework provides a reference for the ecological sustainability of artificial reef habitats in China's marine ranching. The study concludes that a theoretical framework focusing on target species is essential for the ecological sustainability of artificial reef habitats in marine ranching. It is significant as it provides a scientific basis for improving the ecological functionality of artificial reefs, which is crucial for the long-term success of marine ranching initiatives. The recommendations include integrating ecological adaptability into the design and construction of artificial reefs, ensuring that habitat structures and functions align with the needs of target species, and maintaining a balance between scale and ecological effects. This approach is expected to enhance the ecological sustainability of China's marine ranching, contributing to the conservation and restoration of nearshore fishery resources. Furthermore, the study suggests that the future of marine ranching should be guided by technological innovation and ecological sustainability, leading to more efficient use of ocean resources while safeguarding marine ecosystems. The integration of digital monitoring tools and the development of advanced environmental monitoring and early warning systems are highlighted as key areas for future development.