In order to investigate the potential habitats distribution on hotspots of deep scattering layer in the southwestern Indian Ocean under different Indian Ocean dipole modes. acoustic data from October 2012 to July 2020 were selected, and hotspot analysis and maximum entropy model were used. The results showed that the accuracy of the maximum entropy model under different IOD modes was larger than 0.9, which means the prediction performance of the model was good. Dissolved oxygen was the factor with the highest contribution rate to habitat distribution, with an average contribution rate of 50.88%. The gravity center of in DSL hotspot habitats mainly moves in the northwest to southeast direction, with the most significant change in the gravity center of on habitats during the first cold phase of IOD. DSL hotspot habitats are distributed between 30 ° S-45 ° S and 11 ℃ and 22 ℃ isotherms, which indicates a certain latitude correlation. Research has shown that the hotspots of DSL under different IOD modes are influenced by changes in dissolved oxygen and sea surface temperature, and the suitable habitat changes are significant. The maximum entropy model can effectively predict the distribution of DSL hotspots" habitats. This study can provide new references for elucidating the spatial distribution and resource variation patterns of DSL.