稻田养殖模式下克氏原螯虾幼虾的蛋白质需求量
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S 966.12

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广西创新驱动发展专项 (桂科AA20302019-6);重庆市水产科技创新联盟项目 (CQFTIU2024-11);重庆市生态渔产业技术体系


Protein requirement of Procambarus clarkii juvenile farming in rice field
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    摘要:

    为研究在稻田养殖模式下克氏原螯虾幼虾对蛋白质的需求量,实验设计蛋白水平分别为28%、31%、34%、37%、40%和43%的6组等能等脂的实验饲料 (分别记为Diet 28~Diet 43组),投喂360尾初始体重为 (8.59±0.05) g的克氏原螯虾幼虾,每个处理3个重复。饲养56 d后,测定并分析生长性能、肌肉成分、血淋巴生化指标、肠道消化酶活性以及抗氧化能力。结果显示,① 随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,终末体重 (FBW)、增重率 (WGR)和特定生长率 (SGR)先上升,在蛋白水平达到40%后呈下降趋势;出肉率 (MY)随着蛋白水平升高而升高。② 饲料蛋白质水平对肌肉水分、粗脂肪和灰分含量无显著影响;但随着蛋白水平的升高,肌肉粗蛋白含量有上升的趋势。③ 饲料蛋白质水平与血淋巴谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)和谷草转氨酶 (AST)活性呈正相关,且在Diet 43组达到最大。饲料蛋白质水平对血淋巴总蛋白 (TP)、球蛋白 (GLB)、白蛋白 (ALB)、葡萄糖 (GLU)和总胆固醇 (T-CHO)含量均无显著影响。但TP和GLB含量出现随着饲料蛋白质水平升高而上升的趋势。④ 饲料蛋白质水平对肠道蛋白酶 (TPS)和脂肪酶 (LPS)活性有显著影响,对α-淀粉酶 (α-AL)活性无显著影响。⑤ 在一定范围内提高蛋白水平可显著提高克氏原螯虾肝胰腺总超氧化物歧化酶 (T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)、溶菌酶 (LZM)活性以及总抗氧化能力 (T-SOD),并且显著降低丙二醛 (MDA)的含量。⑥ 蜕壳基因 (ecr、chitinase)和免疫相关基因 (hsp70、tlrs、lzm)表达量随饲料蛋白水平先升高后下降,但是饲料蛋白水平并未对蛋白质代谢相关基因 (eif4e、s6k14e-bp1)造成显著影响。研究表明,利用增重率与饲料蛋白质水平进行折线回归分析,在稻田养殖模式下,克氏原螯虾幼虾获得最佳增重率时对饲料的蛋白质需要量为40.35%,建议稻田养殖模式下克氏原螯虾幼虾人工配合饲料中蛋白质含量以40.35%为宜。本研究为克氏原螯虾稻田养殖专用饲料开发提供了理论依据。

    Abstract:

    As one of the most essential nutrients in life activities, protein plays a vital role in maintaining the good growth traits and health status of aquatic animals. Rice field culture is the one of the leading aquaculture pattern of Procambarus clarkii in China, which accounts for more than 80% of the annual production. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the protein requirements of P. clarkii farming in the rice field. In order to assess the optimal dietary protein requirement of juvenile P. clarkii farming in the rice field, six isoenergetic and isolipid diets were formulated to contain graded levels of 28%, 31%, 34%, 37%, 40% and 43% crude protein (described as Diet 28-Diet 43 group). Each diet was assigned to a triplicate of 20 experimental crayfish with an average initial body weight of (8.59±0.05) g for eight weeks. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance, muscle composition, hemolymph biochemical indexes, activities of digestive enzyme in intestine, antioxidant enzyme activities and non-specific immunity enzyme activity were measured. Our results showed that: ① The final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth (SGR) increased at first and then decreased. The meat yield (MY) increased with increasing protein level. ② The dietary protein levels did not significantly affect the muscle moisture, ash and lipid contents. The protein content of the muscle gradually increased as dietary protein level increasing, and then tended to decrease, and was highest in Diet 40 group. ③ The dietary protein level did not significantly affect the content of hemolymph total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO) trended to decrease as dietary lipid level increased. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in hemolymph significantly increased as dietary protein level increasing, both of them in Diet 43 group was highest. ④ The dietary protein level significantly affected the activities of intestine tryptaese and lipase, but not amylase activities. ⑤ Dietary protein also significantly induced the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), peroxidase (POD), lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), but the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly induced. ⑥With dietary protein levels increasing, the expressions of molting-related genes (ecr, chitinase) and genes related immune (hsp70, tlrs, lzm) were firstly significantly increased and then decreased. However, dietary protein level did not significantly affect genes related to protein metabolism (eif4e, s6k1, 4e-bp1). Based on the WGR, broken-line analysis showed that dietary protein requirements of P. clarkii were 40.35% in the present study. In conclusion, under the present experimental conditions and in combination with other factors, the appropriate feed protein level was 40.35%. This study provided a theoretical basis for the development of dedicated feed for P. clarkii farming in the rice field.

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金鸿浩,肖川波,孙倩容,李雨,孙文波,柯真林,赵绳富,凌乐妍,高源,林勇,翟旭亮,罗莉,叶华,罗辉,郑轲,王大鹏,吕光俊.稻田养殖模式下克氏原螯虾幼虾的蛋白质需求量[J].水产学报,2024,48(10):109614

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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-27
  • 最后修改日期:2023-09-01
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-30
  • 出版日期: 2024-10-01