为了得到人工鱼礁位置及体积，以海洋牧场测量项目为例，综合利用高分辨率声学测量及高精度定位设备，实现对水下人工鱼礁位置、形态及周边海底地形的精密测量；以获取的地理空间数据为依据，对鱼礁进行精确定位，构建人工鱼礁地形模型。分析了多种堆积物体积计算方法，选用最优方法测算鱼礁体空方量并与实际投放空方量进行比较。结果显示，研究方法在人工鱼礁投放区域位置探测方面与实际投放位置非常符合；体积计算方面，在投放多年的鱼礁区域存在25.76%误差，而在新投放的鱼礁区，误差仅为2.22%。研究表明，综合采用高精度定位设备及水下测深、侧扫声呐探测手段，可以准确确定鱼礁投放位置及实际存在形态，对于新投放的人工鱼礁，也可以比较精确地测算其真实投放空方量，但是对于投放时间比较长的人工鱼礁区，由于冲刷、沉陷等多种因素的影响，测算结果与实际投放数量存在一定的差异。研究结果证实了综合利用声呐探测及高精度定位设备在客观公正评价海洋牧场建设过程中的科学性和有效性，可为我国的海洋牧场建设提供有效的监测及评价技术支撑，为海洋牧场建设过程中人工鱼礁的投放效果及后续运行及管理提供科学依据。

In recent years, the rapid development of social economy and a sharp increase in resource demand have spurred rapid growth in the construction of marine ranching. The deployment of artificial fishing reefs during marine ranch construction and their subsequent status monitoring are crucial. Monitoring encompasses not only the distribution range and condition of artificial fishing reefs and the scouring of the surrounding seabed but also the verification of the effective spatial volume of the deployed artificial fishing reefs to compliance with technical indicators during marine ranch construction. This paper exemplifies the detection and empty volume calculation of artificial reefs to ascertain their location and volume. Initially, a high-resolution Multibeam Echo sounder sonar system (integrated with high-precision attitude measurement system) and a high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System are employed to accurately capture the underwater location, shape, and seabed topography of artificial reefs. Subsequently, various volume calculation methods are analyzed based on the geospatial data obtained from precise measurements. An optimal method is then selected to calculate the volume of the artificial reefs and compared with the actual volume. The results indicate a high consistency between the method used in this study and the actual location of the artificial reef. For empty volume calculation, the error was 25.76% for a long-standing reef, while it was only 2.22% for a newly placed one. This study demonstrates that the method can accurately determine the location and morphology of artificial reefs and accurately calculate the empty volume for new artificial reefs. However, due to factors such as scouring and subsidence, discrepancies are observed in the calculations for long-standing artificial reefs. The findings also confirm that the integrated use of sonar and high-precision positioning equipment is effective for an objective and equitable evaluation of marine pastures construction.

S 953.1

自然资源部海洋测绘重点实验室开放基金 (2021B04)