浙江沿岸日本鳀幼鱼渔业兼捕鱼类的DNA条形码鉴定
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浙江省重点研发计划(2021C2047);国家自然科学基金(41776171);农业农村部“限额捕捞关键技术研究与制度探索”(农财发[2017]36号)


DNA barcoding identification of by-catch in juvenile anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) fishery along the Zhejiang coast
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    摘要:

    为全面了解日本鳀幼鱼渔业兼捕种类,探究线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚单位I (CO Ⅰ)基因片段在幼鱼鉴定方面的有效性,本实验采用DNA条形码辅助形态分类的方法,以2021年浙江沿岸日本鳀幼鱼渔业兼捕所得192尾鱼为研究对象进行条形码研究,最终鉴定出48种鱼类,隶属2纲11目36科46属,其中46个种类鉴定到种,2个种类鉴定到属,并成功鉴别11个形态学误判鱼种。研究共获得152条CO Ⅰ 序列,平均长度为654 bp (634~656 bp);种间平均遗传距离(0.252 3)为种内平均遗传距离(0.003 4)的74倍,表明基于CO Ⅰ 基因可以有效鉴定幼鱼;自动条形码间隙检索ABGD分析产生48个OTUs,与形态学分类结果一致;基于CO Ⅰ 基因构建系统发育树,同一种类的个体均聚为一支,物种可以有效区分,但在科级和目级水平的聚类关系不清晰,DNA条形码鉴定结果与形态学鉴定结果基本一致。研究表明,DNA条形码可作为鉴定浙江沿岸日本鳀幼鱼渔业兼捕鱼类的有效方法,弥补了传统形态学鉴定方法的不足。作为一种便捷、高效的物种识别工具,该技术可以有效提高渔业资源评估中鱼种组成的准确性。研究结果为浙江沿岸鱼类多样性及产卵洄游研究奠定了基础,同时为日本鳀幼鱼渔业的可持续利用提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    The coast of Zhejiang has the most extensive fishing grounds in China and is rich in fish resources. Juvenile Engraulis japonicus is one of the key fish species in the area. However, due to over fishing and other human factors, which resources are less than they used to be. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs approved juvenile E. japonicus fishery along the coast of Zhejiang in 2018 to achieve a sustainable harvest of this species juvenile. Meanwhile, there were no studies report using DNA barcoding to identify species of the fishery presently. To comprehensively understand the bycatch species of juvenile anchovy fishery and investigate the effectiveness of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO Ⅰ) gene in the identification of fish, this study adopted the method of DNA barcode-assisted morphological classification, taking 192 juvenile fishes from the by-catch of juvenile E. japonicus fishery. Finally, we identified 48 species, belonging to 46 genera of 2 classes 11 orders 36 families, of which 46 species were identified to the level of species, 2 to the level of genera, and 11 species of morphology misidentifies were successfully identified. The average length of 152 CO I sequences was 654 bp (634-656 bp), and conserved sites accounted for 47.21%, informative sites accounted for 45.25% and variable sites accounted for 51.89%. The content of C+G (47.66%) was significantly lower than that of A+T (52.34%), showing at AT bias, and the highest AT content was found at the site 3. The average interspecific genetic distance (0.252 3) was 74 times higher than the average intraspecific genetic distance (0.003 4). The largest genetic distance between genera was between Salanx and Pampus (0.339 5), and the smallest was between Trachurus and Alectis (0.119 7). The largest genetic distance between the families was between Salangidae and Stromateidae (0.339 5), and the smallest was between Atherinidae and Carangidae (0.192 1). The largest genetic distance was between Perciformes and Osmeriformes (0.276 2), and the smallest was between Scorpaeniformes and Atheriniformes (0.212 2). The ABGD analysis resulted in 48 OTUs, consistent with the morphological classification. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on CO Ⅰ gene, and individuals of the same species could be clustered in the same branch. The species could be effectively distinguished, but the clustering relationships at the family and order levels were not clear. The DNA barcoding identification results were basically consistent with the morphological identification results. The above results indicated that DNA barcoding could be used as an effective method of identification of juvenile E. japonicus fishery in Zhejiang coast, which made up for the limitations and shortcomings of traditional morphological identification methods. The findings of this study can lay the foundation for the study of fish diversity and spawning migration along the Zhejiang coast, as well as provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development and utilization of juvenile Engraulis japonicus fishery.

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王乙婷,朱文斌,张亚洲,王业辉,贾程豪,陈治,高天翔.浙江沿岸日本鳀幼鱼渔业兼捕鱼类的DNA条形码鉴定[J].水产学报,2024,48(10):109309

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-07
  • 最后修改日期:2023-03-28
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-30
  • 出版日期: 2024-10-01