为了研究干酪乳杆菌发酵人参茎叶提取物对锦鲫的免疫及抗氧化功能的影响，实验先用3%、4%、5%、6% (记为L3、L4、L5、L6)的干酪乳杆菌菌液发酵人参茎叶提取物，再分别添加到基础饲料(记为L0)中，对初始平均体重为(25.00±0.05) g 的锦鲫进行为期5周的饲喂实验。周期性取样，采集锦鲫血清、肝胰脏、中肾、脾脏和全肠，以检测相关免疫指标的变化。在饲喂实验结束后进行嗜水气单胞菌攻毒保护性实验。结果显示，与L0组相比，L5组碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、免疫球蛋白M (IgM）、溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量显著升高，L5组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于L0组。各组织中IL-10、TNF-α、TGF-β、IFN-γ、IL-1β基因表达水平均有不同程度的升高，表现出时空差异，其中IL-10的基因水平表达升高更为敏感。在攻毒保护性实验中，L5组的存活率达到30%，相较于其他组而言存活率最高。研究表明，本实验条件下，当干酪乳杆菌的接种量为5%时，人参茎叶提取物发酵对锦鲫的应用效果最好，能够提高锦鲫抗氧化能力及免疫相关基因的表达，并对降低嗜水气单胞菌的感染有较好的预防作用。

As a major ginseng cultivator, China is among the top countries in the world in terms of total ginseng production each year. In order to diversify the use of ginseng resources, scholars have begun to study the pharmacological effects and active ingredients of ginseng stems and leaves. Studies have confirmed that probiotic fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine can significantly improve its efficacy, and the efficacy of fermented ginseng is better than feeding ginseng alone, and it has been concluded that ginseng can be fermented to improve its biological activity and enhance its efficacy after fermentation. However, not all microorganisms are suitable for fermentation of Chinese medicine, and the degree of suitability of microorganisms and Chinese medicine needs to be further explored. The application of fermented ginseng stems and leaves to aquatic animals has not been reported, and the research on the aptamer used for fermenting ginseng stems and leaves still needs to be studied. In order to study the effect of ginseng stem and leaf extract fermented by Lactobacillus casei on the immune and antioxidant function of Carassius auratus, the stem and leaf extract of ginseng was fermented with L. casei liquid of 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% (recorded as L3, L4, L5 ,L6), and then added to the basic feed (recorded as L0). The C. auratus with an initial average weight of (25.00±0.05) g was fed for five weeks. Periodic samples were collected from the serum, hepatopancreas, middle kidney, spleen and whole intestine of the C. auratus to detect the changes of relevant immune indexes. A protective test for Aeromonas hydrophila attack was performed at the end of the feeding trial. The results showed that alkaline phosphatase (AKP), immunoglobulin M (IgM), lysozyme (LZM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly higher in the group with L. casei seed inoculation of 5% (L5 group) compared with the control group, and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was significantly lower in the L5 group than in the L0 group. The gene expression levels of IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β were elevated to different degrees in all tissues, showing spatial and temporal differences, with the elevated gene level expression of IL-10 being more sensitive.In the protective attack test, the L5 group had a survival rate of 30%, the highest survival rate compared to the other groups.Under the present experimental conditions, when the inoculum of L. casei was 5%, the fermentation of ginseng stem and leaf extract was the most effective for the application to C. auratus , which could improve the antioxidant capacity and the expression of immune-related genes, and had a better preventive effect on reducing the infection of A. hydrophila. This experiment adheres to the concept of turning waste into treasure and green safety, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of probiotic fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine in practical production.

S 942.1

吉林省教育厅项目（JJKH20210367KJ）