China has become the powerhouse of aquaculture in the world in the past 40 years. With the rapid development of aquaculture, the different kinds of troubles also keep emerging in China. In particular, the performance of unbalanced and inadequate aquaculture industry mainly exhibited the adequate supply, low quality and safety of aquatic products. Along with the farming areas of inland waters, land-based and coastal waters constantly being squeezed, the deep blue fishery is the revolutionary transformation of production mode for turning the blue ocean into blue granary. Deep blue fishery is the aquaculture production system with the integration of whole industry chain including the aquaculture, fishing and aquatic products processing. The deep blue fishery covers marine space which includes the near shore and off shore of Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea as well as open ocean and polar region. With the expansion and extension of blue granary, it combines the different key points including breed, aquaculture, fishing, processing and web with an organic whole, which plays an important role in ensuring the supply of high-quality protein, broadening the new space of culture and supporting the blue economic growth and safeguarding China's maritime rights and interests. With growing science endeavors and further industrialization practice in recent years, the deep blue fishery has made rapid development, but it still faces the gradually emerging opportunity and challenge. This paper synthetically analyzes the strategic significance and main production function of developing deep blue fishery and summarizes the prominent problems restricting its development. The major production function of deep blue fishery contained offshore industrialized farming, exploitation of biological resources in oceanic and polar regions as well as offshore logistics and information channel. We summarized the existing main problems and restrictive factors, whose focus was mainly on four aspects. Firstly, the exploitation and utilization of natural resource were not very efficient. Secondly, the overall level of equipment and technology was still relatively backward. There are, in addition, obviously insufficient total production capacity and weaker support ability for scientific research. On the basis of the development goals, the intensive scientific and technical tasks were proposed that involve analyzing the genetic resources of deep blue biology, building the industrialized green production patterns and high-quality fishing the resources originating from open ocean and polar region, researching the technology and equipment of processing links across land and oversea as well as constructing fishery boats networking system and so on. Relevant measure suggestions were also made, such as implementing the technology capability promotion project, introducing industrial development supporting policies, building diversified talents congregate highland and establishing industrial innovation garden for demonstration, which aims to provide the lesson and reference for accelerating the technological advancement of deep blue fishery and promoting the iterative upgrade of industry. In summary, the deep blue fishery is a new rising industry of China. As an efficient way of the adjustment of the industrial structure and transferring the mode of production in aquaculture, it needs strong support of the scientists, government officials and other aspects.