With the continuous growth of population, the human society needs more and more natural resources. So far, human has focused on exploiting available resources from land, ignoring the importance of marine resources. The ocean covers 71 percent of the earth's surface, with the countless resources available in the ocean with a great value for development. Therefore, the significance of marine resources is becoming more prominent, including marine food resources. As a result, more and more countries are exploring to get the nutrients and health benefits for humans from marine foods, so the rational development and utilization of aquatic resources has become an important part of China's sustainable food development strategy. Aquatic products are not only superior in quantity, but also can provide a variety of nutrients for humans, including high-quality protein, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and others, playing a key role in ensuring global food nutrition and food security. In addition, although land is also rich in natural bioactive substance resources from terrestrial plants, animals or microorganisms, many Marine products can produce a variety of unique natural biological active substances due to the complex living environment, including peptides, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and so on. For example, chitosan derived from shrimp and crab is the only cellulose with positively charged active group in nature, which can effectively remove negatively charged harmful substances in human body. And these marine active substances can also play a supplementary and strengthening role in human health, it has benefits ranging from the development of brain and intelligence to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. On this basis, we believe that aquatic resources can complement terrestrial resources well for human’s nutrition and health demand. Therefore, we put forward the philosophy thought of "the complementation of sea and land, a balance of Yin and Yang", and we reviewed the advantage of aquatic product nutrition composition and its important effect in medicine and health. The scientific utilization of aquatic products to regulate the diet structure of residents and the development of marine health products are prospected. To provide theoretical basis for the further development of the nutritive and sanitarian function of aquatic products and value orientation, and comprehensively promote the complementation of aquatic resources with terrestrial resources, to better serve the construction of human health. The reasonable intake of aquatic products to balance daily diet of high fat, high protein, high calorie, to further ensure food safety and promote the national healthy diet. Based on the nutritional value of aquatic products, the basic nutrients and special fatty acids which are rich in aquatic products are fully developed and utilized to optimize the intake of nutrients and build a new healthy diet pattern. In addition, relying the comprehensive cooperation of marine biotechnology, food science, medicines and other multi-disciplinary to research and develop high quality sea medicines and health products has precise effect based on aquatic product’s health efficacy, such as antioxidation, anti-cancer, cancer prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and so on, to meet the people’s need for healthy products, in order to provide the theoretical guidance for the further development of the nutritive and sanitarian function of aquatic products and promote the complement of aquatic and terrestrial food resources for human health better.