能量与营养物质的正常获取是维系造礁石珊瑚生命活动的基础，这主要与其两种营养方式—光合自养和异养营养有关。当前，国内外学者对造礁石珊瑚的研究以光合自养为主，而对其异养营养的认识则相对不足。基于此，本研究以鹿回头礁区(海南三亚)的3种代表性造礁石珊瑚—丛生盔形珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚和美丽鹿角珊瑚为对象，通过投喂丰年虫无节幼体、水族用桡足类、酵母浸出粉溶液及水族珊瑚粮这4种食物，探讨了3种造礁石珊瑚的食性、摄食方式。结果显示，丛生盔形珊瑚对上述4种食物均表现出明显的摄食行为；相反，美丽鹿角珊瑚对4种食物均不表现摄食行为；鹿角杯形珊瑚只摄食尺寸较小的丰年虫无节幼体和水族珊瑚粮，并首次发现其在摄食丰年虫无节幼体时水螅体间相互协作以及通过释放肠系膜摄食水族珊瑚粮的现象。进一步研究丛生盔形珊瑚对丰年虫无节幼体的摄食速率和消化情况，发现其摄食速率与丰年虫无节幼体密度符合米氏方程，且其消化周期约为3 h。研究结果有助于更加深入地认识造礁石珊瑚摄食取向及其摄食过程，可为造礁石珊瑚人工养殖过程中的饵料选择提供借鉴。

The acquisition of energy and nutrients is the basis of sustaining the life activities of hermatypic corals, which mainly depends on the alimentation mode. Hermatypic corals are mixotrophic organisms, both autotrophic and heterotrophic. Photosynthesis by zooxanthellae is the basic form of autotrophy, but little is known about the heterotrophic feeding. To know more about it, three representative species in the Sanya Luhuitou Bay, Galaxea fascicularis, Pocillopora damicornis and Acropora muricata were selected in this study to test their feeding habits. Their feeding reaction to Artemia salina, copepod used in aquarium, yeast extract liquor and aquatic coral food were observed. What’s more, G. fascicularis’s feeding rate and digestion of A. salina were probed into. G. fascicularis ingests four kinds of food mentioned above, while A. muricata ingests none of them and P. damicornis only ingests A. salina and aquatic coral food. It’s reported for the first time that P. damicornis ingests A. salina by mesenterial filaments and it ingests aquatic coral food through the cooperation between polyps. Moreover, G. fascicularis’s feeding rate of A. salina and the density of A. salina nauplii well fitted into the Michaelis-Menten model. A. salina was completely digested by G. fascicularis in 3 h. The research can deepen our knowledge about the feeding of hermatypic corals, especially in the process of artificial coral breeding.

S917.4

国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0506301)；国家自然科学基金(41976120，41906097)；广东省科技计划项目(2017B0303014052)；中国科学院科技服务网络计划(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-055)