日本海神蛤人工繁殖及早期生长发育
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S 961.2

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国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0901404;2019YFD0900704);国家贝类产业技术体系专项(CARS-49);辽宁省 “兴辽英才计划项目”(XLYC1807271);大连市支持高层次人才创新创业项目(2017RQ062)


Artificial breeding, early growth and development of Panopea japonica
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The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0901400), Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1807271), Dalian high level talent innovation support program (2017RQ062), Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-49)

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    摘要:

    为探究日本海神蛤规模化人工苗种繁育的可行性,在国内首次开展了日本海神蛤人工繁殖及早期生长发育研究。结果显示,日本海神蛤繁殖盛期为5月和10月,单次产卵量为300~500 万粒/个,卵径为75~85 μm。春季人工将水温升至18.6~19 ℃,6~9日龄和15~18日龄幼虫生长缓慢,壳长生长速率仅为1~3 μm/d。其他各日龄幼虫壳长生长速率为9~15 μm/d。日本海神蛤变态后再经过30~40 d培育,平均壳长可达(4.94±0.93) mm,稚贝壳长生长速率为50~167 μm/d,平均苗种产量为2 695粒/m3。秋季水温17.4~13.2 ℃条件下,日本海神蛤幼虫相对春季生长发育较慢,经过148 d的培育,稚贝平均壳长可达(2.88±0.47) mm,平均苗种产量为6 666粒/m3,再经室外池塘中间育成后生长为平均壳长(13.22±2.39) mm的幼贝。通过比较发现,在我国北方秋季可培育出适于底播养殖的大规格苗种,且培育成本较低。本研究为我国日本海神蛤苗种繁育、高效养殖及资源修复提供了科学依据。

    Abstract:

    The geoduck clam Panopea japonica is of high commercial potential. Currently, its sales in China account for over 90% of its global sales and all the geoduck clams sold in the Chinese market are imported from Sea of Japan. However, artificial breeding of P. japonica on a large scale is rarely reported. This study for the first time tried artificial breeding of the geoduck clam P. japonica in an indoor hatchery in spring and autumn. Growth and development of the artificially bred P. japonica in the two different seasons were compared as well. The results showed that for the parental P. japonica, the reproduction peak period was observed in May and October, with a single spawning amount of (3×106) - (5×106) eggs/female and an egg diameter of 75-85 µm. In spring, when the water temperature was raised to 18.6-19.0℃, the lowest growth rate was observed in 6-9 days old and 15-18 days old individuals, with a daily growth rate of shell length at 1-3 μm/day. For the larvae at other growth stages, average growth rate of shell length was 9-15 μm/day. After 30-40 days’ cultivation, P. japonica developed into the juvenile stage and the average shell length reached (4.94±0.93) mm. For juveniles, the average growth rate of shell length was 50-167 μm/day. In spring, average production was 2 695 spat/m3. Fertilization rate, hatching rate, larval survival rate, metamorphosis rate and juvenile survival rate of P. japonica artificially cultivated in spring were 89.60%±3.21%, 38.60%±3.77%, 13.40%±1.52%, 29.80%±4.82% and 40.60%±1.74%, respectively. In autumn, the water temperature was from 17.4 ℃ to 13.2 ℃. Growth and development of larval P. japonica were relatively slow and after 148 days’ cultivation, average shell length of the juveniles reached (2.88±0.47) mm and average production was 6 666 spats/m3. Fertilization rate, hatching rate, larval survival rate, metamorphosis rate and juvenile survival rate of P. japonica artificially cultivated in autumn were 95.20%±1.92%, 14.60%±2.41%, 70.60%±5.46%, 59.20%±3.35% and 70.40%±2.30%, respectively. Then the spat was transferred to outside pool for further cultivation, which could eventually reach (13.22±2.39) mm. In comparing the growth and development of the artificially bred P. japonica in spring and autumn in Northern China, large size seeds suitable for bottom sowing could be produced in autumn at a relatively low cost. This study has provided a scientific basis for larval breeding, high-efficient cultivation and resource restoration of P. japonica in China.

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霍忠明,赵雯,肖友翔,车宗豪,刘括,闫喜武.日本海神蛤人工繁殖及早期生长发育[J].水产学报,2021,45(2):235~245

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  • 收稿日期:2020-05-25
  • 最后修改日期:2020-06-26
  • 录用日期:2020-07-17
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-01-30
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