本文综述了水产生物基因组研究相关技术的发展历程和关键技术的应用。以二代测序技术的出现为分界点，首先回顾了早期水产养殖生物在遗传学和分子生物学方面的研究结果，以及为开展全基因组测序所做的相关基础研究，然后重点介绍了二代测序技术应用于水产生物全基因组测序和经济性状遗传基础解析的研究进展，最后展望了水产生物基因组研究发展趋势。水产生物经济性状遗传机制高度复杂，从全基因组角度阐明其遗传机制仍有很多难题，但基因决定性状是生物学法则之一，探索这一过程的奥秘引人入胜。

In this paper, the development and application of related technologies in aquatic genome research are reviewed. Taking the appearance of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology as a demarcation point, we firstly looked back to the researches of genetics and molecular biology of aquatic organisms in the early stages, and the basic researches for the whole-genome sequencing. And then we emphatically introduced the development of the NGS technology application for whole-genome sequencing and economic traits analysis. At last, the development trend of aquatic organisms whole-genome researches is prospected. The genetic mechanism of economic traits of aquatic organisms is highly complex, thus there are still a lot of difficulties in explaining the genetic mechanism at the whole-genome level. However, it is a basic law that trait is determined by genes, so the exploration will still be fascinating.

国家自然科学基金（31672655，31602150）