本文回顾了我国鱼类基因组研究从无到有、从小到大的十年发展历程。分别介绍了我国在鱼类BAC文库构建、高密度遗传连锁图谱构建与QTL定位、全基因组测序和精细图谱绘制、基因组选择育种和基因组编辑等方面取得的重要进展和成果。结合国际上鱼类基因组研究进展，通过分析、比较指出，从2008—2013年，我国鱼类基因组研究在国际上处于全面跟跑状态，从2014—2018年，我国水产科学家奋起直追，加快鱼类基因组研究步伐，在短短5年内，在国际顶级刊物Nature Genetics、Nature上相继发表了半滑舌鳎、鲤、草鱼、牙鲆和海马等养殖鱼类的基因组精细图谱，使我国鱼类基因组研究在国际上从全面跟跑进入跟跑、并跑、领跑并存状态，特别是在个别方向和少数种类上实现了领跑。同时，指出了我国现阶段鱼类基因组研究与应用方面存在的不足和问题，并展望了我国鱼类基因组研究今后的发展方向和前景。

This paper reviews the process of fish genomic research in China, which started with scratch and then developed from small to large. The important progress and findings regarding BAC library construction, high-density genetic linkage map construction, genome sequencing and fine mapping, genome selection and genome editing by Chinese scientists were introduced. Based on the comparison with the international progress in this field, it was pointed out that Chinese scientists followed the international research from 2008 to 2013.While from 2014 to 2018, China's fish genomic study has accelerated development and has been catching up. Just during the past five years, the top journals Nature and Nature Genetics have published several papers of genome sequencing and fine mapping in important aquatic fishes from China, such as half-smooth tongue sole, common carp, grass carp, Japanese flounder and sea horse. The progress has brought China's fish genomic research from full-scale following in the past to the present coexistence of following, running side-by-side, and even leading in some research directions and species. In the meanwhile, we summarized the current shortcomings and problems in fish genomic research and application field, and prospected the future development of aquatic genomic research in China.

国家自然科学基金（31530078，31730099）；青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山卓越人才培养项目（2017ASTCP-OS15）；山东省泰山学者攀登计划