肠道菌群在维持肠道健康、促进肠道发育、抵抗病原入侵、调节机体能量吸收和脂质代谢过程中均发挥重要作用。在鱼类学研究中，由于种类繁多、食性差异大、生存环境复杂多变，导致鱼类肠道菌群方面的研究面临巨大挑战。本文在总结常见鱼类肠道微生物组成的基础上，着重介绍了鱼类饵料组成、水环境因子、物种、基因型、发育阶段、养殖模式及投喂策略对鱼类肠道菌群影响的相关研究进展，并对目前研究中存在的问题进行了剖析，以期为鱼类肠道菌群研究提供一定的参考依据。

The microbiota plays a major role in the health and disease in animals, including maintaining health of the gut, promoting development of epithelium cells, resisting the intrusion of pathogenic bacteria, regulating the absorption harvest of energy and metabolism of lipid. It is a great challenge to the fish gut microbiota research due to the complicated factors, such as differences of fish species, feeding habits or survival environment. Based on the previous related researches, the present article first reviewed the gut microbiota composition of different fishes. Also, the effects of different factors on the gut microbiota of fish were reviewed, such as feed component, water chemical factors, fish species, genotype, developmental stages, aquaculture models and strategies of feeding. Finally, some present issues and future research directions about the fish microbiota were presented.

河南省科技攻关计划项目（182102110007）；河南师范大学国家基金培育项目（2017PL18）；河南省创新型科技团队（CXTD2016043）；有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室开放基金（SKLBC15KF03）