三株AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌烈性噬菌体的分离鉴定及其生物学特性
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Isolation, identification and biological properties of 3 lytic bacterio phages against AHPND-associated Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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    摘要:

    为分离获得AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌烈性噬菌体,并鉴定及研究其生物学特性,本研究以AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌为宿主菌,采用双层平板法分别从中国福建及墨西哥海水样本中对其噬菌体进行分离;通过噬菌斑形态、限制性内切酶、全基因组测序构建系统发育树及透射电镜观察对所获噬菌体进行分类鉴定;同时对供试噬菌体裂解谱及其生物学特性进行测定,包括最佳感染复数(MOI)、pH稳定性、热稳定性、过氧乙酸稳定性及不同储存温度下的存活稳定性等。结果显示,本研究分离获得3株AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌烈性噬菌体P46、P48及VP7,3株噬菌体的噬菌斑均呈透亮圆形,P46噬菌斑直径4~5 mm,P48与VP7噬菌斑直径5~6 mm。3株噬菌体核酸均为双链DNA,电镜下观察其头部均呈二十面立体结构,直径约60 nm,尾部宽约8 nm,长约18~20 nm,属于短尾噬菌体科。3株供试噬菌体对AHPND型副溶血性弧菌裂解率达91.5%,对非AHPND型副溶血性弧菌裂解率为92.3%,且无法识别除副溶血性弧菌外其他种属的细菌;噬菌体P46、P48及VP7感染AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌的最佳MOI分别为0.001、0.1及0.001;P46与VP7最适pH为6~8,P48最适pH为6~9;3株噬菌体对60℃的温度耐受力较强,在4℃条件下存放50周后仍具有较高的存活率;对通用杀菌浓度的过氧乙酸具有一定耐受性。将噬菌体P46、P48及VP7保守蛋白序列在NCBI数据库中比对后发现,3株供试噬菌体与其他噬菌体同源性较低,因此,噬菌体P48与P46及VP7很可能为3株新发现的短尾科噬菌体,这是中国首次报道AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌短尾科噬菌体。本研究丰富了AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌噬菌体的菌种资源,并为其应用于噬菌体生物防治制剂的开发奠定了理论基础。

    Abstract:

    To isolate and identify lytic bacteriophages against AHPND-associated Vibrio parahaemolyticus and analyze their biological properties, lytic bacteriophages were isolated from Fujian and Mexico seawater samples by double-layer agar culture method, and one strain of V. parahaemolyticus strain associated with AHPND was used as the host bacterial strain for phage isolation and amplification. The phages were classified and identified by plaque shapes, restriction endonucleases, whole genome sequence, phylogenetic tree building and transmission electron microscopic technique. The lysis range and biological properties including optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), thermal stability, pH stability, stability to peracetic acid and survival stability at different temperature were determined. The results showed that 3 lytic bacteriophages against AHPND-related V. parahaemolyticus were isolated, named P46, P48 and VP7. Their plaques were translucent circle. The plaque diameter of P46 was 4-5 mm. The plaque diameter of P48 and VP7 were 5-6 mm. The nucleotides of 3 bacteriophages were all dsDNA. P46, P48 and VP7 all had an icosahedral head with about 60 nm diameter. Their tails were about 18-20 nm in length and 8 nm in width. 3 phages belonged to the familiy Podoviridae. The cocktail of P46, P48 and VP7 lysed 91.5% of AHPND-associated V. parahaemolyticus strains and non-VPAHPND 92.3% respectively. And they all could not identify non-V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. The optimal MOI of P46, P48 and VP7 were 0.001, 0.1 and 0.001 respectively. The optimal pH of P46 and VP7 were 6-8 and P48`s was 6-9. Three bacteriophages were stable at 60℃ and had higher survival rate at 4℃ for 50 weeks. P46, P48 and VP7 also tolerated peracetic acid with universal bactericidal concentration. Alignment with the sequences of the conserved protein sequences of NCBI showed that P46, P48 and VP7 had low homology with other bacteriophages. Bacteriophages P46, P48 and VP7 might be 3 novel Podoviridae bacteriophages. This study is the first report of lytic Podoviridae bacteriophages against AHPND-associated V. parahaemolyticus in China. The results may enrich the resources of bacteriophages against AHPND-associated V. parahaemolyticus and provide potential application of phages as a biocontrol agent.

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乔欢,徐旭凌,费文斌,黄杰,陈海,胡怿林,丛郁.三株AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌烈性噬菌体的分离鉴定及其生物学特性[J].水产学报,2019,43(5):1378~1396

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-03
  • 最后修改日期:2018-10-24
  • 录用日期:2018-12-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-05-30
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