近年来，世界范围内为解决过度捕捞、污染、不可持续的沿岸渔业方式对栖息地、栖息地生态功能以及物种多样性产生的不可逆转破坏，以及传统渔业、养殖业转型难、环境污染大、渔业资源衰退、渔民生计受到威胁等严峻问题，开展了大量的实验与理论研究。其中以FAO提出的“蓝色增长”与我国提出的“海洋牧场”理念框架最具针对性与代表性。伴随着新趋势与理念的产生，相关技术必须及时提供支撑。然而，围绕“蓝色增长”与“海洋牧场”的环境整体性与技术可行性及其关键支撑技术，尚未得到很好的整合与开发。本文通过对学界海洋牧场建设目标、核心工作以及其潜在问题进行梳理，整合目前“蓝色增长”与“海洋牧场”的主流技术，借鉴城市生态学中这一已经发展较为成熟学科的相关技术与体系，提出海洋生物的生态城市化设想及海洋生物生态城镇化设想的海洋牧场选址与规划、生境营造、生物资源增殖与行为控制以及管理四大关键技术，并详细分析了相关技术的实用性与技术整合的实用性，以期为海洋牧场相关研究者提供系统性的技术支撑与参考。

In recent years, overfishing, pollution and unsustainable coastal development have caused irreversible damage to habitat, ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Moreover, several problems such as transformation and upgrading of tradition fishery and culture industries, environmental pollution, declining of fishery resources, small-scale fisheries under threat have come into notice in recent years, attracting more and more scientists to study related fields. The related framework to solve above problems is most remarkable for the "blue growth"projects proposed by FAO and"marine ranching"proposed by China. Both"blue growth"and"marine ranching"frameworks are promoting the sustainable use and conservation of renewable resources on global and regional scale. However, under new circumstances, with the evolution of new framework, new trends in the evolution of environmental integrity and technical feasibility should come into being. In this paper, we discussed the central target, work and potential problems of marine ranching construction. Thus, we summarized the main current techniques of"blue growth"and"marine ranching"framework, integrated the relative techniques and framework of urban ecology, and proposed marine livestock ecological urbanization hypothesis-based marine ranching technical procedures. It entails marine livestock ecological urbanization hypothesis-based marine ranching sites selection and design, habitat construction, enhancement and behavioral control of marine biological resource and management technical procedures. Finally, we analysed the practical applicability of both relative techniques and technical procedure integration. The above framework and specific technical procedures are proving especially useful and posses reference significance in regard to scientific and practical applicability of marine ranching construction.

国家自然科学基金（41876191）；藻类产业技术体系（CARS-50）