In order to study the genetic diversity of Collichthys lucidus of Chinese coastal areas, microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity of seven wild C. lucidus populations (Lianyungang, Dafeng, Chongming, Zhoushan, Wenzhou, Ningde, Xiamen). The results showed that the number of total alleles was 63 in the seven populations by nine microsatellite loci, and the mean number of alleles of every locus was 3 to 13. The average effect alleles ranged from 1.7510 to 8.0317. The average observed heterozygosity (H_o) ranged from 0.3596 to 0.7854, and the average expected heterozygosity (H_e) ranged from 0.4300 to 0.8780, and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.3604-0.8631. Among them, 2 loci showed moderate polymorphic, 7 loci showed highly polymorphic. This showed that seven populations had high levels of genetic diversity. Most loci did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The UPGMA phylogenetic tree of the seven populations was constructed based on Nei's genetic distance. The result showed that the relationship between WZ and ND was the closest while the relationship between ZS and WZ was the farthest, WZ and ND clustered into one group, while there was no significant genetic differentiation as a whole.