饲料糖水平对不同食性鱼类生长及葡萄糖耐受能力的影响
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广东海洋大学,广东海洋大学,广东海洋大学,广东海洋大学,广东海洋大学,广东海洋大学,广东海洋大学

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国家自然科学基金(31272673);国家"九七三"重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB138603);国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201003020);广东省珠江学者基金(GDUPS2011);广东省自然科学基金(S2013010016511);广东海洋大学创新强校工程项目(GDOU2015050206)


Effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth and glucose tolerance ability in fishes of different feeding habits
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Guangdong Ocean University,,Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed,,,,

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    摘要:

    为研究饲料糖水平对不同食性鱼类生长、血浆生化指标、肝/肌糖原的影响及葡萄糖耐受能力的影响,本实验以不同食性的吉富罗非鱼、卵形鲳鲹和军曹鱼为研究对象,以糊精为糖源,3种鱼各设置低、中、高(CL、CM、CH;吉富罗非鱼:20%、30%、40%;卵形鲳鲹:13%、26%、39%;军曹鱼:12%、24%、36%)3个不同饲料糖添加水平,依次进行8周的饲养实验并进行葡萄糖注射实验。结果显示:饲料中不同糖水平对吉富罗非鱼成活率没有显著影响(P>0.05);饲料系数随饲料糖水平的升高呈现先下降后升高趋势,以CL组最高(P<0.05);增重率与特定生长率最高值均出现在CH组中,显著高于CL组(P<0.05)。卵形鲳鲹和军曹鱼CH组存活率均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);而增重率与特定生长率则均为CM组显著最高(P<0.05); 3种鱼饲料系数随着饲料糖水平的升高呈现先下降后升高趋势,均以CM组最低,分别为1.47(吉富罗非)、1.61(卵形鲳鲹)和1.49(军曹鱼)。饲料中不同糖水平对不同食性鱼类糖代谢相关生化指标有不同程度的影响。随着饲料中糖水平的上升,罗非鱼CH组糖代谢指标均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。卵形鲳鲹和军曹鱼CH组血糖、胰岛素、肝/肌糖原、甘油三酯均为最高;军曹鱼CH组肝/肌糖原和甘油三酯均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。葡萄糖耐受实验结果显示注射葡萄糖后:①卵形鲳鲹组和罗非鱼组在1 h血糖水平达峰值(P<0.05),并且均在12 h恢复到注射前水平;而军曹鱼组在3 h达血糖峰值后直至24 h才回到注射前水平。②军曹鱼组与罗非鱼组血浆胰岛素水平缓慢上升,至3 h达最高水平(P<0.05),而卵形鲳鲹组在1 h内显著下降(P<0.05)。③卵形鲳鲹组与罗非鱼组肝糖原水平缓慢上升,分别在3、6 h达峰值(P<0.05),而军曹鱼组在1 h内呈下降趋势。④罗非鱼组与卵形鲳鲹组甘油三酯水平分别在3、6 h达峰值(P<0.05),而军曹鱼组在1 h内显著下降(P<0.05)。本研究表明,饲料糖水平对3种食性鱼类生长、糖代谢生化指标、葡萄糖利用和耐受能力具有不同程度的影响,杂食性罗非鱼可比肉食性鱼类更好地利用膳食糖物质。葡萄糖耐受能力则以杂食性吉富罗非鱼为最强,卵形鲳鲹次之,军曹鱼葡萄糖耐受能力最低。

    Abstract:

    To study the effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth,glucose metabolism indicators and tolerance ability in fishes of different feeding habits after an 8-week feeding trial,this experiment was conducted taking Tilapia(GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus),Derbio(Trachinotus ovatus) and Cobia(Rachycentron canadum) as the research objects,dextrin as the sugar source,three levels of dietary carbohydrate for each fish at low,medium and high levels(CL,CM,CH; Tilapia:20%,30%,40%; Derbio:13%,26%,39%; Cobia:12%,24%,36%) respectively.The results showed that:the different carbohydrate levels had no significant effect on survival rate of Tilapia(P>0.05); The feeding conversion rate(FCR) showed an increasing trend after the first decline with elevated levels of dietary carbohydrate and the CL group in Tilapia was the highest(P<0.05); The weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate(SGR) were all the highest in CH group and significantly higher than the CL group(P<0.05).The survival rate in CH groups of Derbio and Cobia were significantly lower than the other groups(P<0.05).However,the WGR and SGR in CM were the highest significantly(P<0.05).The FCR first increased,then decreased with dietary carbohydrate levels elevated and the CM lowest groups were the lowest(Tilapia:1.47,Derbio:1.61,Cobia:1.49)。Different dietary carbohydrate levels have different effects on glucose metabolism indicators of fish.With rising levels of dietary carbohydrate in Tilapia,the plasma glucose,insulin,hepatic/muscle glycogen and triglycerides of CH group were significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05).The plasma glucose,insulin,hepatic/muscle glycogen,triglycerides of CH groups in Derbio and Cobia are the highest,but there was no significant difference in plasma glucose and insulin between CL and CM groups in Derbio(P>0.05).There were also no significant differences in plasma glucose and insulin levels of CM and CH in Cobia(P>0.05).The glucose tolerance test(GTT) results showed that:(1) After injection of glucose,the plasma glucose levels of Derbio and Tilapia groups reached the peak at 1 h(P<0.05) and returned to the initial level at 12 h while the Cobia until 24 h after a peak at 3 h.(2) The plasma insulin levels in tilapia and cobia groups rose slowly after the injection of glucose and reached the highest level at 3 h(P<0.05),while the lever in Derbio group was significantly decreased within 1 h(P<0.05).(3) The glycogen levels in Derbio and Tilapia increased slowly and reached the peak at 3 h and 6 h respectively(P<0.05) while the Cobia declined within 1 h.(4) after the injection of glucose,The triglyceride levels in Tilapia and Derbio reached the peak at 3 h and 6 h after injection of glucose respectively(P<0.05) while the Cobia decreased significantly within 1 h(P<0.05).The results of this study suggest that dietary carbohydrate levels have varying degrees of effects on the growth,glucose metabolism indicators,glucose utilization and tolerance of three feeding habits,fish.The omnivorous Tilapia can utilize the dietary carbohydrate better than carnivorous fish.The glucose tolerance ability of omnivorous Tilapia is the strongest,followed by Derbio the intermediate,and Cobia the lowest.

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刘泓宇,毛义波,谭北平,董晓慧,杨奇慧,迟淑艳,章双,陈立侨.饲料糖水平对不同食性鱼类生长及葡萄糖耐受能力的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(12):1852~1862

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  • 收稿日期:2015-02-27
  • 最后修改日期:2015-07-30
  • 录用日期:2015-12-24
  • 在线发布日期: 2015-12-24
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