鲳属鱼类广泛分布于中国沿海，为重要经济鱼种,鲳属鱼类因外部形态存在较大的相似性,分类一直存在分歧。本研究于2010年10月—2012年9月采集科威特(科威特北部海域)、巴基斯坦(松米亚尼湾、奥尔马拉和伯斯尼)、北部湾和台湾近海的银鲳样品,对其形态特征进行重新描述,并对其DNA条形码开展了研究。银鲳的主要形态特征为背鳍Ⅶ-Ⅷ-39～43;胸鳍21～29;臀鳍Ⅴ-Ⅵ-35～41;尾鳍26～28。鳃耙细弱、稀疏,2～3 8～9=10～12。头部后上方侧线管的横枕管丛和背分支丛后缘呈浅弧形,腹分支丛较背分支丛略长,向后延伸未达背鳍起点,呈峨眉状。脊椎骨数37～38。结合GenBank中所有拉丁学名为Pampus argenteus的COⅠ基因进行同源序列比较发现,所有个体单倍型明显分为4个组群,而从氨基酸遗传差异和组群间遗传距离可以看出,4个组群应为不同的有效种;GenBank中只有FJ384702与本研究序列结果相近。本研究描述了银鲳形态特征,并给出其正确的COⅠ基因DNA条形码序列,为深入开展鲳属鱼类的分类研究奠定了基础。

The Pampus fishes are important commercial species and widely distributed in the coastal waters of China.Due to the similarities and complexities of morphological characters used in traditional taxonomy,taxonomic confusion has arisen in Pampusconcerning the nomenclature.Among the genus,perhaps none is more confusing in the taxonomic studies than Pampus argenteus.Up to date,no reports about neotype of P.argenteus can be found.In the present study,redescription of morphological characters and redefinition of DNA barcoding of P.argenteus are conducted based on sixteen specimens collected from Kuwait(northern waters of Kuwait),Pakistan(Sonmiani Bay,Ormara,Pasni),Beibu Bay and Taiwan during October 2010 to September 2012.The diagnostic characters of P.argenteus:dorsal fin Ⅶ-Ⅷ-39-43,pectoral fin 21-29,anal fin Ⅴ-Ⅵ-35-41,caudal fin 26-28.First gill arch with 10-12［(2-3) (8-9)］small and sparse gill rakers.Vertebrae 37-38.In the occipital region,the area of the wavy branches above lateral line is developed and plume-like,with a little obtuse edge.Ventral wavy branches below lateral line are curvy and shorter than that above lateral line,and not reaching the base of dorsal fin.Combining all COⅠ sequences of P.argenteus from GenBank with those of this study,four absolute groups can be found in all specimens based on the genetic differences in amino acids and distance between groups.From the NJ tree,we can find that only one sequence(FJ384702)is similar to our DNA barcoding of P.argenteus.Therefore,it is urgent to guarantee the correctness of all sequences from GenBank.Redescription of morphological characters and the right DNA barcoding of P.argenteus are given,which provide a guarantee for efficient and accurate study,and theoretic basis for classification of Pampus in future.

中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201262022);公益性行业(海洋)科研专项(201305043)