In order to elucidate the dynamics of fishery resources structure in the Yellow Sea, based on the bottom trawl survey data by R/V “Beidou” from September, 2006 to May, 2007 in the sections of the Yellow Sea (S1 section locates in the northern part of the southern Yellow Sea, S2 section lies on the border of Yellow Sea and East China Sea, S3 section locates in the central part of the southern Yellow Sea), the species shifts, abundance dynamics, fishery species diversity and their relative factors were analyzed. A total of 156 species were collected, mainly composed of fish species (109 species), including 97 demersal species; the top ten species catch were beyond 60% of the total catch, and the species composition were similar, as well as the species composition in every section (excluding S2 section), including Larimichthys polyactis, Lophius litulon, Liparis tanakae, Engraulis japonicus, Crangon affinis and so on, but the proportion of these species in the total catch were greatly changed. The biomass spectra in every section mainly distributed not beyond 40g. The diversity of fishery species decreased in each section from the northern part to the southern part of the southern Yellow Sea, and the diversity of fishery species was positively correlated with species richness. From above mentioned, the significant seasonal changes were found in the fishery resource structure of the sections of the southern Yellow Sea, these changes mainly attributed to the variations in the relative abundance of the main fishery species, also closely related to the sea bottom temperature and sea salinity.