为了解海洋菲污染对海洋水产经济鱼类的毒性及致毒机理,在实验室条件下采用半静态毒性实验研究了菲对红鳍笛鲷的96 h急性毒性,同时分析和比较了不同浓度(10.0、50.0、250.0 μg/L)菲胁迫96 h后红鳍笛鲷肝脏、鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及脑组织中乙酰胆碱脂酶(AChE)活力的变化。结果表明,菲对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼的24、48和96 h半致死浓度(LC₅₀)分别为4.65、3.46和3.17 mg/L,安全浓度为0.317 mg/L。在整个胁迫过程中,低浓度(10.0 μg/L)菲可诱导红鳍笛鲷肝脏和鳃组织SOD活力显著性升高(P<0.05);随着浓度升高,50.0和250.0 μg/L浓度组肝脏SOD活力呈抑制-诱导的波动变化,鳃SOD活力的变化则呈抑制－诱导－抑制的趋势。随着菲曝露时间延长,各浓度组红鳍笛鲷肝脏和鳃组织的MDA含量明显升高;脑组织中AChE活力表现为先升高后降低的的趋势。结果提示,菲对红鳍笛鲷具有很强的毒性,可在96 h内通过氧化损伤途径对机体产生毒性作用,鉴于SOD、MDA、AChE指标对菲的高度敏感特点,可以用其作为生物标志物来指示多环芳烃类污染物对水生生物的影响,为渔业资源的科学监控和管理提供理论参考。

Phenanthrene(PHE)is one of PAHs(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)and has toxic effects on aquatic animals after being released into the natural water,and crimson snapper(Lutjanus erythopterus)is one of Osteichthys species and an important link of ecosystem in south China sea.In order to understand the toxic effects and mechanism of PHE on L.erythopterus,an acute semistatic toxic test was carried out,and the oxidative stress relative indicators(activities of SOD and content of MDA in liver and gills,activities of AChE in brain)were investigated with crimson snapper(L.erythropterus)exposed to phenanthrene with different concentration(0,10.0,50.0,250 μg/L)for 96 h.The results showed that 24,48,96 h LC₅₀ values were 4.65,3.46,3.17 mg/L,respectively,and its safe concentration(SC)of PHE on crimson snapper was 0.317 mg/L.After being exposed for 96 h,SOD activities of the liver and gills followed an induced trend with 10.0 μg/L exposured.it was inhibited firstly and then induced with 50.0 μg/L and 250 μg/L in the liver,however it was followed the inhibited-inducedinhibited trend of that in gills.The MDA content in the liver and gills has been increasing with time passing,and this also illustrates that the injury degree rose.AChE activity in brain was induced when crimson snapper exposed to low phenanthrene concentration,however inhibited when exposed to higher concentration and it illustrates that phenanthrene could do harm to neurotransmission in fish brain.It is indicated that PHE has performed a higher toxic effect on L.erythopterus,SOD,AChE activities and MDA contents are probable for being the bio-indicators to the phenanthrene pollution because of their higher sensitivities,and could provide information about monitoring and managing of fishery resources.

科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项(2005DIB3J021);广东省科技计划项目(2009B030600001);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2009YD01);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2010YD04);中国水产科学研究院淡水生态与健康养殖重点开放实验室开放课题(2010FEA03006)