Along with the oil spill accidents’ frequent occurrence,the natural fishery resources inevitably suffered large damage while marine environment was polluted.Concerns have been raised over how to correctly and reasonably assess the loss of natural resource from an oil spill.The index system of damage assessment of the natural fishery resources from oil spill has been approached combined with a real accident called “HYUNDAI INDEPENDENCE” which occurred in the coastal fishing ground of Zhoushan in April of 2006.The polluted index subsystem and assessing subsystem on natural fishery resource formed the whole assessing system,the former includes spilling oil property,spatial and dynamic distribution of spilling oil,the environmental character of influence scope and protection measures while the latter comprises lethal ratio,loss of different fishery resources,density and composition of fishery resources pre- and post-impact and the recovery costs of natural fishery resources.The procedure of damage assessment of oil spill accident for the natural fishery resources and methods for optimal parameter selection under different situations have been given.Case study showed that the influence area was beyond 100 km² and oil concentration in water was over 5 mg/L.The global losses of eggs and larvae of fish,juvenile of fish,crab and shrimp,and benthos were 6 700×10⁴,117 000×10⁴,3 681×10⁴,17 045×10⁴,406×10⁴ and 8 162×10⁴ ind respectively.The directly costs for recovering the natural fishery resources reached to ￥1 822×10⁴.Study result showed the established index system had strong operability with special reference for natural fishery resource claims.