选取450尾健康的异育银鲫鱼种［体重为(7.46±0.2) g］，随机分成5组，其中1组为对照组，2、3、4和5为试验组，投喂的饲料是在基础饲料中分别添加0.05%溶血卵磷脂、0.1%的溶血卵磷脂、0.1%甜菜碱和0.15%氯化胆碱(共含氯化胆碱0.21%)，在室内可控温循环水养殖系统中饲养67 d，研究3种添加剂对异育银鲫生长、脂肪代谢和血液指标等的影响。结果表明，各试验组异育银鲫的增重率比对照组均有提高，其中0.1%甜菜碱组和高剂量氯化胆碱(0.21%)组增重率分别比对照组提高了10.28%和9.23%，且差异显著(P<0.05)。试验组的饲料系数均比对照组有所下降，其中高剂量氯化胆碱（0.21%）组、0.1%的溶血卵磷脂组和0.1%甜菜碱组与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05)。试验组的营养物质表观消化率、肌肉中蛋白质的含量与对照组相比均有提高，而肝体比、肝脏中脂肪含量、肌肉中脂肪含量均比对照组有所降低，其中试验组肝体比、肝脏中脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。血浆生化指标显示：高剂量氯化胆碱(0.21%)组和添加0.1%甜菜碱组血浆中的甘油三酯比对照组有所下降(P>0.05)，而0.05%溶血卵磷脂、0.1%的溶血卵磷脂组反而增加(P>0.05)，试验组均降低了血浆中胆固醇含量(P>0.05)，显著提高了游离脂肪酸的含量(P<0.05)。试验组显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的量(P<0.05)，降低了丙二醛(MDA)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的量(P<0.05)，而对谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、血糖(Glu)无显著影响(P>0.05)。以上试验结果显示，在饲料中分别添加0.1%的溶血卵磷脂、甜菜碱和0.21%氯化胆碱后，显著提高了异育银鲫的生长性能，有效降低了鱼体肝脏中脂肪的含量，同时增强了机体的抗氧化和抗应激能力。

A feeding experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth performance, fat metabolism and blood indices of diets containing different additives by crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio ［mean initial weight of (7.46 ± 0.2)g］, for 67 days. 450 healthy fish were randomly divided into five groups in the experiment, group 1 was control group fed basic feed, whereas groups 2,3, 4 and 5 were fed the basic feed added with 0.05% lysophospholipids, 0.1% lysophospholipids, 0.1% betaine and 0.15% cholinechloride, respectively. At the end of the experiment, growth performance, fat metabolism and blood biochemical parameters were observed to estimate the function of these three additives. The results showed that weight growth ratio (WGR) of carps in groups 4(added with 0.1% betaine )and 5(added with 0.15%cholinechloride) tended to be higher than that of fish in group 1 (control) and this difference was significant (P<0.05), and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found in groups 3 (added with 0.1% lysophospholipids), 4 (added with 0.1% betaine) and 5(added with 0.15%cholinechloride) too (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients and crude protein content in body composition were significantly higher in experimental groups than those in control group (P<0.05). However, the liver fat, muscle fat content in experimental groups were lower than those in the control group, of which the test group of liver body ratio, liver fat content was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The triglyceride levels in groups 4 (added with 0.1% betaine) and 5(added with 0.15%cholinechloride) were lower than those in control group while the triglyceride levels in groups 2(added with 0.05% lysophospholipids) and 3(added with 0.1% lysophospholipids) were higher than those in control group (P>0.05). Reduced plasma cholesterol levels were found in experimental groups while the increased free fatty acid contents were observed in experimental groups (P<0.05). The experimental groups significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the volume (P<0.05), reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of the volume (P<0.05), while aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), glucose (Glu) have no significant effect (P>0.05). In conclusion, it could improve growth performance, reduce the fat content in liver and enhance antioxidation function obviously by adding 0.1% lysophospholipids, betaine and 0.21% cholinechloride in basic diet of crucian carp,Carassius auratus gibelio in our study.

现代农业产业技术体系建设专项国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系资金资助(nycytx-49-21)