2003年－2007年对新疆塔里木河水系土著鱼类的种类和分布进行了一次全面调查，根据不同的海拔和生境，在整个调查范围内设置鱼类采集点200个，共采集鱼类标本3000余号，经鉴定有1目2科5属12种，均为中亚高山复合体的裂腹鱼和高原鳅种类。其中国家Ⅰ类保护动物扁吻鱼仅分布在海拔1 500 m以下，裂腹鱼属鱼类主要聚居于海拔1 300～2 700 m一带，裸重唇鱼属鱼类主要聚居于海拔1 500～2 900 m一带，重唇鱼属鱼类主要聚居于海拔2 700～3 700 m一带。高原鳅分布在裂腹鱼分布范围之内，最高可至3 700 m，土著鱼类的水平及垂直分布差异明显，水平分布表现出明显的多样性和地域性，垂直分布具有明显的地带性。塔里木河水系土著鱼类在大尺度、大空间的分布格局有缩小的趋势，扁吻鱼栖息地岛屿化程度高。

The Tarim River system lies in the border of QinghaiTibetan plateau, it is typical arid desert climate, and the species and distribution of aboriginal fish are very special. To master the compositon and distribution of aboriginal fish in this water system, the authors carried out a comprehensive survey on the seven water systems of Tarim River. The researchers set up 200 collection points, collected 3000 fish samples, and identified 1 order, 2 families 5 genera, 12 species, which all belong to Schizothorax and Triplophysa of central Asian mountain complex. The differences in horizontal and vertical distribution of aboriginal fish are obvious. The horizontal distribution shows an obvious diversity and regional variety, and the vertical distribution shows an obvious zonal variety. The first grade national protected animal Aspiorhynchus laticeps only distributs below 1 500 m altitude, Schizothorax maily inhabits at 1 300 - 2 700 m altitude, Gymnodiptychus mainly inhabits at 1 500- 2 900 m altitude, and Diptychus mainly inhabits at 2 700-3 700 m altitude. Triplophysa at the similar altitude of Schizothorax, but up to 3 700 m. The largescale and large spatial distribution pattern of aborginal fish in Tarim River shows a trend toward narrow, the habitats of Aspiorhynchus laticeps become islandized highly. This article reports the situation of aboriginal fish in Tarim River system comprehensively and systematically for the first time, it provides full and accurate information for comprehensive management of Tarim River system and protection of aboriginal fish.

国家自然科学基金（30560115）；新疆维吾尔自治区科技攻关项目（200433119）