利用7个微卫星标记分析了6个凡纳滨对虾家系的亲本（G₀）及其后代（G₁）的基因型分离情况，同时对G₀和G₁的所有座位期望杂合度进行配对比较分析，并且通过对G₁群体每个位点的F-statistics分析检验群体的遗传分化，以期对凡纳滨对虾育种进行遗传监测。结果表明：共检测到44个等位基因。G₀和G₁的平均每个座位的等位基因数目分别为6.14和6.27，平均期望杂合度为0.786和0.733，平均多态性信息含量为0.709和0.695。7个微卫星座位的累计排除概率为0.99，并且在有亲本存在的情况下，能够将6个家系分开。G₀与G₁的所有座位期望杂合度的配对比较分析结果表明G₀平均期望杂合度要显著高于G₁(P<0.01)。G₁各座位的遗传分化指数F_ST在0.270 3～0.465 4，平均分化系数为0.358 4。说明亚群间属于高度遗传分化。最后，根据6个家系的遗传距离，利用UPGMA法对G₁个体聚类分析，结果表明亲缘关系较近的家系A和B以及C和D的相似系数很高分别各聚为一类，E和F分别聚为一类。

Genotype segregation of parents livestocks (G₀ generation)and their offspring (G₁ generation)of 6 Litopenaeus vannamei families was analyzed on basis of 7 microsatellite DNA markers.In addition, heterogeneity analysis for pairwise comparisons of expected heterozygosities (H_e) of all loci between G₀ and G₁ was carried out and genetic differentiation through F-statistics at each locus in G₁ population was expected to monitor genetic variation in Litopenaeus vannamei breeding. The results showed that 44 alleles were detected in total across 7 loci assayed,mean number per locus,mean expected heterozygosity and mean polymorphism information content of G₀ generation were 6.14, 0.786 and 0.709 respectively, and those of G₁ generation were 6.27, 0.733 and 0.695 respectively. The combined exclusion probability of 7 microsatellite markers arrived at 0.99 and could seperate all 6 families with known parent. Heterogeneity analysis for pairwise comparisons of expected H_e of all loci between G₀ and G₁ indicated that H_e of G₀ was significantly higher than G₁(P<0.01). F_ST of G₁ per locus ranged from 0.270 3 to 0.465 4 and average was 0.358 4 which meant that genetic differentiation in its subpopulation was high. The UPGMA analysis based on six families genetic distances showed all individuals of G₁ generation could be classified into 4 categories.Similarly to families C and D, families A and B sharing father had high similarity coefficient and clustered together, family E and F were assigned into another group respectively.

国家自然科学基金(40706048)；国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划(2006AA10A406)