利用SRAP（sequencerelated amplified polymorphism，序列相关扩增多态性）标记对马氏珠母贝红色壳家系第一代到第三代（F₁、F₂、F₃）及回交家系（BC₁）的遗传变异进行了分析。7对SRAP引物共产生63条扩增带，其中多态性条带55条，平均每对引物组合产生7.86条多态标记。 在F₁，F₂及F₃三代中，Shannon信息指数和Nei氏基因多样性指数显示世代群体的遗传多样性呈下降趋势，但差异并不显著（P>0.05）。随着世代的增加，相邻世代群体之间的遗传分化有逐渐降低的趋势，而世代内遗传相似性逐渐增加。BC₁与F₁的遗传相似度高于F₃与F₁间，表明回交能使后代个体更趋向轮回亲本。

Sequencerelated amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to examine the genetic variation of three consecutive generations (F₁, F₂ and F₃) and one backcross generation (BC₁) in pearl oyster Pinctada martensi family with redcolor shell. A total of 63 bands were generated with 7 primer pairs, among which 55 were polymorphic bands. On average, 7.86 polymorphic loci were generated with each primer pair. The Shannon information index and the Nei’s gene diversity indexes in the F₁, F₂ and F₃ showed a reduction in genetic diversity, with no significant difference in genetic diversity among generations (P>0.05). With the increasing of generations, the differentiation between contiguous generations showed a inclination of reduction, but genetic identity within generation increased. The genetic similarity between BC₁ and F₁ was higher than that between F₃ and F₁, and the result showed that offspring inclined to recurrent parent by backcross. The results would provide theoretical guidance to the farming and breeding of pearl oyster.

国家科技支撑计划（2007BAD29B01－8）；国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划（2006AA10A409）；广东省重大科技兴海（兴渔）项目（A200708C01）；广东省科技计划项目（2008A020100004）