An indirect Enzyme-Linked Immtmosorbent Assay （ELISA） for the rapid diagnosis of Vibdo parahaemolyticus, the pathogen of the red body disease of Litopenaeus vannmei, has been developed. The best working concentration of antigen and antiserum were 10^6 CFU?mL^-1 and 1：2000 separately, determined by using checkerboard titration. The sensitivity of the serum was tested, and the lowest V. parahaemolyticus suspension was 10^4 CFU. Cross reactions of antisera with other bacteria were detected, all results were negative. Inhibition rate was 75.88 % in inhibiton test. The cross assay and the inhibiton assay indicate this method is differential. The method was optimized to detect the infected Litopenaeus vannamei and the normal ones, the positive detecting rate were 93.3 % and 13.3% separately. The results indicated that this assay can be used to detect not only the infected unhealthiness of L. vannamei, but also the carriers. This is very important to diagnose the disease in the early stage.