The large-scale and high-intensity development of marine resources has brought irreversible impacts on the marine resource environment and ecosystem. Assessing the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment is an important tool for evaluating the status of marine development. This study constructs a PS-DR-DP model to systematically quantify the dynamic changes in the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment in Shandong Province, providing a decision-making basis for sustainable opening and management of marine resources. Based on the definition of marine resource and environmental carrying capacity and the theory of the three elements of carrying capacity, this study constructed an evaluation framework system for marine resource and environmental carrying capacity. By establishing the "PS-DR-DP" theoretical model, the marine resource and environmental carrying capacity was decomposed into three pairs of interaction forces: "pressure support force", "destructive force recovery force", and "degradation force enhancement force", corresponding to the marine resource support capacity, marine environmental capacity, and resistance to marine disasters, respectively. The changes in the state of marine resource and environmental carrying capacity were measured according to the changes in the magnitude of different forces. Based on the above theoretical model, the changes in the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment in Shandong Province from 2012 to 2020 were studied. The results show that from 2012 to 2020, the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment in Shandong Province was at full capacity, and the overall value of the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment showed an upward trend. All forces are in a fully loaded state. The contribution of positive force is generally on the rise. The negative forces are basically stable or slightly increased. The coupling degree between the six types of forces is generally on the rise, and the coupling coordination degree is also on the rise. This study indicates that through marine environmental governance, the resilience and support of marine areas can be increased, thereby promoting an increase in the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment. The improvement of marine technology can enhance the utilization rate of marine resources, strengthen the control and restoration of marine pollution, thereby promoting support and resilience, and thus have a positive impact on the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment. This study has certain theoretical significance for enriching the theory and methods of carrying capacity, and can provide practical support for Shandong Province to formulate development strategies and policies for a strong marine province.