Abstract:Based on the migrating feature of salmon and testing on the traas-plantation of the species to Suifen River, smolt releasing and adults returning of pink salnaan have been made. In October 1987，930000 eyed eggs were imported from Sakhalin Russia. After artificial incubation and rearing,790000 smalt(38mm in length, 0.378 in weight) were released into the Su.ifen River. Among the relea-sed smolt, 3}UOD individuals were marked by fin-clip. From .Tune to August,1989,647 returning fish (457mm in length, 1220g in weight)were captured-recaptured.The returning population was 10 times much higher than before. The returning rate of the released fish was 0.087% and the returning rate of the marked fish was 0.023%(uncounted the lower section inside of Russia). As the test achieved remar-kable success,the releasing amount should be further increased and the cooperation of Sino-Russia on the enhancement of the salmon resources should be streng-thened.

Abstract:This paper deals with the pathophysiolagy on the hemolytic asaite-sosis of crucian carp.The cardinal symptoms of the disease is seriously producing ascites in the fish. The ascites is light yellow or red, hyaloid, slight cloudy or cloudy and solidfied for most of diseased fish. In addition, the pH of the ascites is 6.5, and the Rivalta's qualitative Test of protien is positive. Therefor, we may reasonably conclude that the ascites is egudate caused by inflammation; it is hepatic ascites but not transudate caused by oircuiatary obstruction.The contents of sodium, chlorine, glucose, total protien, albumin in serum of diseased fish is obviously lower than that of healthy fish (p<0.001)，particularly, the albumin content is lower than 1% of that of healthy fish. The creatinine and enzymes of LDH, GOT, GPT and AMY are much higher than that in healthy fish(p<0.001).The above indicates that the pathological changes in liver, kidney, heart and pancreas of diseased fish have occurred seriously; the functions of liver,kidney and pancreas have broken down and have been developing into uraemia and hepatic coma until the fish died.

Abstract:Due to the imp}scts of Gexhou Dam key water-control project and lower Jingjiang curve--cutting project after they were completed in the middle reach of the Yangtze River. Its current velocity in the affected section increased,river bed coarsened, coming branch channels were blocked, the river bed are un-dergoing a rapid ehange,and the eoanter-current eddies disappeared, thus spoiling and ruining ecological environment for the rare animal, Baiji. Its distribution area is thereby shortened toward the lower reach of the Dam. When the field expedi-tions in river section under research in 1986 to study the impacts upon the Baiji caused by these projects were conducted,its distribution had reduced from Yichang downward to Yidu only 50 kilometers away from the Dam,but it again. redu-cad from Yidu downward to Shashi, 160 kilometers away from the Dam The dis-tribution density of Baiji in the river section of auchiliau-Chenglingji(158 kilome-ters) was gradually rarefied. Its distribution density in, the section under research rarefied from 3.67km/per dolphin, in 1986 to 10.36km/per dolphin in 1991.Them Baiji has been listed as first-class animal under the protection of Chinese Government, but its population size remains smaller and human activities still se-verely endanger its existence. With human exploitation of tha Yangtze River fur-ther，new key water-control project will be built. Hence, a conservation strategy must be adopted to rescue this species.

Abstract:This paper deals with the results of experiment aimed at determi-nation of the optimum lipid level in the diet for blunt snout bream fingerling. The test feeds were made up of purified ingredients, axed the lipid presented in the diet was fresh soya bean ail. The feeds differed from their lipid levels, while the levels of other main ingredients,such as protein,vitamins and minerals were kept constant. The results show that the appropriate lipid. level in the diet ranges from 2% to 5%，when the grnod growth performances ors achieved. The statistical analysis indicates that when the dietary lipid level is 3.6%，the best growth per-formance will be obtained.

Abstract:The activation and insemination methuds of cryopreserved sperm from three species of Chinese carps (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Megalobrama amblycephala) have been studied. The effect of the osmo-lality of activating solution an fertility of cryopreserved sperm was examined.When sperm-ova insemination ratio was 1:4(V/V)，there was no significant di-fference in fertility of frozen sperm between in fresh water and. in 171-342mOsm/l solution. When sperm--ova ratio was 1:16,fertility of frozen sperm in NaCl solution with osmnlality of 171-342mOsm/l was significantly higher than that in fresh water. Ova could be fertilized for 6 min in above medium.but 2 min in fresh water.Basic extender (pH>8.7) was unsuitable for sperm storage,and the slightly acidic activating solution (pH6.3) rues unfavourable for the activation and insemination of cryopreserved sperm. The thawing sperm stored at 4℃ for 1.5 hour and did not significantly influence motility and fertility. A significant positive correlation (r=0.97) between the activity of cryopreserved sperm and fertility was shown. The regression equation was Y=3 .68 ± 1.23x.

Abstract:The results show that the sexual gland of Chinese suoker blocked by the dam can develop a}ad maturate normally in. the downstream. Sexual maturity is reached at age 7⁺ for females, over 5⁺ for males.The ovaries of stage II (inclu-ding stage II after spawning)，IV, V, VI and the testes of stage II,III(including stage III after spawning)，IV, V, VI were collected. Meanwhile, the microscopical structure charactaristios of ovaries and testes were observed. Altogether 138 specimens were collected in 1983--1990. 55 of them are matu-rity, constituting 39 .86%of the total and 83 of them are immature, constituting 60.14%.The mature females are 82----110cm in TL, 94.50± 7 .21cm on average; 9 .2-20kg in weight, 14.39 ± 3 .46kg on average. While the males 76.5--108cm in TL,92 . 67± 7.69cm on average; 8--18 .25kg in weight, 12.28 ± 2.48kg on average.The females collected at the age of 7-14 and males 5-14. Sexual ratio of female to male is 1:1.39.Absolute fecundity is from 215,000 to 422，500 eggs, average fecundity is on the order of 286, 800 eggs per females;relative fecundity 13.48-21.66 egg/g, average 16.89egg/g.In late autunnn and early winter, the adults move from the middle and lower reaches of the river to the section below the dam，and often stay in deeper water.By spring, from the end of h'ebruary to the and of April, the parents move into some areas where current is swift and gravel covers the bottom far spawning.Spawning is chiefly related to temperature and most occurs in the fine morning.The problems of protective for Chinese sucker in the Iower reaches of the dam are discussed as well.

Abstract:LDH-A₄ (from muscle).LDH--B₄, (from heart) and LDH-C₄ (from liver) were isolated Tram grass carp by affinity chromatography. Their purifies,amino acid compositions and enzymatic dynamics were comparatively studied. It can be confirmed by the obvious differences of the amino acid composition that they are three different gene's products. In the meantime their relarant antibodies were respectively prepared, and. the typical and specific patterns of LDHs from same fish by the results of rantigenantibody immunoadsorption reactions were precisely determined, going further into the syng}en.ity between the LDH isazyme molecules of Carious source and the immunal syngenity of various LDH isozyme molecules.

Abstract:Feeding experiments were conducted to determine the daily requi-rement of protein, fat, mineral and general energy for juvenile turtle. The L₉(3⁴)table of orthogonal design method was employed to formulate nine diet combinatios.The experiments were conducted in 65 x 50 x 50cm aquaria under the following con-ditions,(1) water depth 20cm, water volume 65 l. (2) water flaw maintained at 2 .1-3.0 l/hr. (3) water temperature averaged 28 ±20℃, and (4) dissolved oxygen 0.12-1.94 mg/l,pH6.9---7.1 and NH₄⁺-N 0.1---1.8 mg/l. The weight gain rate,feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were used as the index to eva-luate the feeding effect. The results indicate that under the circumstances of the experiments the protein and general energy are major elements that affect the growth of the juvenile turtle. The optimum general energy of the most satisfactory diet is 320-340 kcal/100g feeds, pxotein 46.6%，fat 3--5%, mineral 2-3%, rar-bohydrate 21--28%. 100g juvenile turtle need 0.648g protein, 4.5-4.7kcal gene-ral energy,0.042---0.070g fat, 0.32--0.43g carbohydrate,mineral 2--3%and fiber 20----22%. The optimum calorie-protein ratio (c/p value) in formulated diet for ju-venile turtle is 7.00---7 . 55.

Abstract:几内亚比绍共和国(以下简称“几比”)海区具有西非最宽的大陆架和良好的自然环境,是西非著名的渔场之一。近年来,有十多个国家(地区)的百多艘渔船到该渔场作业,以往欧洲国家的调查船,曾在此作过调查,但有关其渔获物的组成和分布等尚未见报道。1987年中国和几比政府商定由中方在1988年年内,派渔业资源调查船到该海区进行为期三个月的调查。经协商,我国决定派东方号前往。本文反映对几比海区的渔获物组成和分布等所进行分析研究,供进一步发展我国在该海区的远洋渔业作参考。

Abstract:鳀(Engraulie japonieus)广泛分布于黄、东海,从五十年代起在我国进行过灯光围网、舷提网、中层拖网等的捕捞试验。由于对资源数量、洄游分布缺乏系统调查和鱼群探测手段落后等原因,都未获成功。1984年10月挪威王国政府赠给我国的“北斗”号渔业资源调查船到达后,对黄、东海中上层鱼类资源进行了调查。评估结果认为鳀资源最高达300万吨,年可捕量约50万吨。越冬期间鱼群相对集中,渔场稳定。因此开展鳀变水层拖网试验研究,促进商业性开发具有重要的现实意义。黄海水产研究所从1986年开始承担这一课题,在变水层拖网设计、作业网位控制、渔场探测和瞄准捕捞技术等方面,研究解决了一些技木难点,为采用变水层双拖网捕捞鳀提供了技术保证。

Abstract:众所周知,重金属离子对海洋生物幼体有不同程度的毒害作用。随水域污染的加剧,给增养殖业的关键环节——育苗带来了困难。 在对虾育苗中,Cook等首先使用了螯合剂EDTA来提高卵子孵化率和幼体成活率。随后,EDTA广泛应用于对虾人工育苗与高密度养殖中。1981年,Lawrence等通过EDTA改变铜、镉等离子对蓝对虾(P.stylirostris)无节幼体的毒性,阐明了EDTA在对虾育苗与养殖中的主要作用是改变重金属元素的存在形态,减少游离金属离子的浓度,降低其毒性。关于EDTA在水生生物培养与育苗中的作用及EDTA的性质,袁有宪已做过全面评述。

Abstract:礁膜(Monostroma nitidum)是我国重要的经济海藻之一,隶属于绿藻门,绿藻纲,石莼目,礁膜科,礁膜属。礁膜广泛分布于我国的东南沿海,生长在内湾静水处的岩石上或具有泥砂的石块上。日常所见的礁膜叶状体是配子体,为膜状,呈绿色或黄绿色,体软并具光泽。礁膜是绿藻中食用价值最高的一种,体软味美,我国南北沿海居民有食用。日本人也喜食“紫菜酱”(原料以礁膜为主,掺入少量紫菜,加入调味料,高压烹煮而成)。此外,礁膜还具有一定的药用价值,如清热化痰,利水解毒以及降低胆固醇的作用.目前，国内尚朱进行礁膜的人工栽培，有关礁膜的报道较少，因此，我们开展犷礁膜的栽培生物学的系列研究，本文先着重介绍礁膜配子体的发育与盐度、营养盐的关系。

Abstract:Based on the principle of energy balance and the Talling's equation about calculation of daily photosynthetic productivity, a methods for simulant esti-mation of the yearly photosynthetic productivity and the climatic productivity were proposed. Considering the general features of lakes in China,the seasonal variation of photosynthetic productivity and the geographical distribution‘climatic preductivity were estimated theoretically in 36 water bodies of eastern China, The climatic productivity decreased from south to north. This tendency has related cla-sely with the phatnsynthetically active radiation in the atmosphere,the actual sun-shine duration per year as well as the seasonal and spatial variation of water tem-peratura. Except the northern part Qf the north-east China, the climatic producti-vities in the eastern China rangBd from 1.6 to 24.q},C}mn·yr., which is equiva-lent approximately to the phytoplanton productivity of oligotrophic lakes with si-milar climate in the world. The major reason of low climatic productivity in north-east China is the short growing season. By the way, the major reason of low climate productivity in the basin of Sichuan Province is the lower photosynthetic praduc-tivity in the summer and autumn.