Abstract:A study on the pioidy of Carassius auratus and its geographical distribution in Heilongjiang main river was carried out. Specimens were collected from ten different waters. In studying the karyotype the method of iyrnphocyte euiture and the airdrying teehniqus to prepare examples of cells were used. The result showed that there are two subspecies of Carassius auratus in. Heilongjiang river system. one is Carassius auratus gibelio (Bioch) with 3_n=156. Its Tiaryotype consists of chromosomes about m22 pairs, sm 32 pairs, st and t 24 pairs. Tha sum of Chromosome's arms amounts to 2fi4. The other is C. auratus with 2_n=100, The karyotype consists of chromosomes about m 15 pairs, sm 17 pairs, st and t 18 pairs. The sum of chromosome's arm arx}ounts to 164. The distribution of ploidy is limited in loc.atian. The diploid fish are distributed in Wuyuer river of the Nenjiang river system and in the marsh lakes surrounding it. The large reservoirs and lakes are the good places for the distribution of triplaid fish, while in all of main rivers and its branchs are tributed the mixture of two types. The origin as well as the classification of Carassius auratus by the view point of cytology combined. with the historical geology are disscussed.

Abstract:The bacterial gill-rot disease is a common disease of grass carp, it makes serious harmfulness to the fish. There are two types of histapathological charges: chronic and acuteness. The gill tissue of the chronic generally undergoes three worsening steps, i.e. inflammatory edexua, hyperplasia and necrosis; but the acute vng only passes through two steps: edema and necrosis, because diseased is so short that the edema passes directly to necrosis and there is no hyperplasia step. The liver and kidney of the diseased fish also show hist.opathvlogical changes,the granular denaturation and vacualation were vecured, glycogen was disappeared,up until the necrosis in liver cells. The epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted.tubules of the kidney also make same change. A number of nuclei around necrotic tubules of kidney appeared rondensated.A few of glomeruli of kidney atrophied. The quantity of leukocytes of artificially infected fish is zuurh less than the controlled one, but the erythrocytes and hymoglobin of experimental group were slightly less than the control.

Abstract:It is important to measure the distribution of the electric field, which will provide a basic idea for imprav ing the arragement o# electrodes or deciding footage level,current intensity and povsrer. But the measuring work in the full scale electric field is always complicate. A kind of simulation method is proposed. If the parameters in model scale electric field were measured in laboratory, then the corresponding paraxneters in the full scale system could. be easily calculated. out. In this paper the relation between two systems has been calculated in terms of theory. The formulae are as in the following: 1)tne reiai.ion af the geomeiric dimensions,λ_L=L_f/L_m=r_f/r_m=d_f/r_m; 2) the relation of the electric potential , φ_f=I_f×L_m×ρ_f×φ_m/I_m×L_f×ρ_m. This simulation mathod is reliable and it has been proved by the result of the egperim cots.

Abstract:This paper deals with the results of an e$periment to cultitrate Brachionus plicatilis by using beer yeast Saccharomycas cerevisiac. The cultivating water used is diluted solutim of concentrated seawater from Fengaian Saltern. Its specific gravity is 1 .015 (i.e. salinity is 19.61‰)，pH jralue is 8.44-8.46，and 8.65 ppm in CDD_Mu.The results are summarized as fallorns: 1.The optimum inoculational density of the rotifer is about 14-70 ind./ml at 25℃. 2 .The feeding quantity pan notably affact the pH value, dissolved oxygen,chemical oxygen demand and other entriromental factors in the eultevating water, but there wotald be no any significient impacts far propagation of the rotifer if under well aerated condition. 3,The feeding quantity is determined on the rate of the fatal wet w eight of the rotifer, with the weight of the yeast. It varies with the change of water temperatures.The experiment shows that the optimum feeding rate is 3 when the water temperature is 30℃. If the density of the rotifer is maintained at 200 ind./ml, a high and stable yield would be expected. In our experiment, the yield per day of the rotifer reached to 470 thousand in a 3 Titre volume cultural battle for seventeen days, and the maximum value per day reached to 6fifi thousand. 4 .The emulsified fish liver oil is also used to feed the rotifer beside the yeast,the oil became minute granules with the size from 1μ to 20μ, they can be aasily swallowed by the rotifer. In feeding of fish liver ail the concentration under 80 ppm(or the accumulation don't beyond 10d ppm)，there will do no harm for reproduction of the rotifer. But tha accumulative concentration excess 120 ppm, the reproduction would be restrained.

Abstract:The predictive way of two-dimensional fields of surfaoe salinity off Ohangjiang(Yangtze River) mouth with empirical orthogonal functions, herein referred to as eigen.vectors, is discussed. The eigenvectors are derived from monthly measurements of sea-level salinity at 35 points off the area during April 1975 to June 1978. The 35 eigenvectors only depend on selected 35 stations, and they are independent on time. The observed salinity deviation vectors (SD)_i ( i=1,2,……,35) can be expressed as a linear combizzation of the 35 eigenvectors. The elamet Q_ik of the matrix Q is referred to as the coefficient associated with the k-th eigenvector far the i-th observed salinity deviation vector.The coefficient is only dependent on time. These coefficients are used to find selfregreesion model of the prediction.It is shown that the empirical orthogonal function analysis has a larger potential and some advantages.

Abstract:The samples of 1019 young adult red-fin pargo, Parargyrops edita Tanaka,caught by double draggers in the South FUjian and Taiwan Bank fishing ground were collected monthly from December 1978 to November 1979. Scales are taken from the middle between the 5-10th dorsal spices and the left lateral line used to determine the age and the growth rates of the fish. The true annuli of the scales are shown as discontinuous or broken circuli on the scales and are formed annually. The ago groups are normally distinguishable in length-frequency distribution. Data on the rates of marginal increment of the scales show that the time of annulus formation relating to its reprodutive activity occurs chiefly during March to April. The relationship between the body length L (mm) and the scale xadius R (mm) is expressed to be R=0.12229+0.02108L, the length-a0eight relationship formulas are calculated to be W=3 .2851 X 10^-5L^3.0299,W‘=4.5821X 10^-5L^2.9723, where W and W' represent net body w eight (g) and total body weight (g) respectively. The result of length back-calculation indicates the absence of the R,osa Lee phenomenon. According to the mean observed body lengths for each age group, Walford's plot method is used to compute the optimal parameter L∞，The growth parameters are:L∞=248mm, W∞=592g, k=0 .17, t₀=一1.24, and the senile inflection point t_r=5.08 years (approximate to TV age group).The growth curves drawn by von Bertalauffy growth equation show no significant difference between the mean calculated lengths (or weights) and the mean observed lengths (or weights)Red--fin pargo zuatures at one year old and the growth rates decrease after the end of adult stage. Age groups 0 and Ⅰ are predominant in commercial catches, the fish older than Ⅳ group are not common in catches. The minimum catchable age group and size of this fish may be suggested to be Ⅰ age group, 110 mm in length and 50 grams in weight.

Abstract:Lactate deiiydrogenase (LDH) isazymes of 20 species of Cyprinidae fish were analysed with disc palyacrylamide gel electropharassis. In Cultrinae, there are sei eras different LDH isozyme仙enatypes which reflect the intergeneric relationships in the subfamily levol.According to their i9ozymes phenotypes, we divide them into four groups, vrhich show evolutionary divergence and welt agree with the results of systematic studies based on their morphological and anataznical characteristics. While in fishes of Cultrinae, Xenocyprininas and Hypophthalmichthyinae, tha differences of LDH isoayme phenotypes may be classified into two primal branches. One branch contains mast species of Cultrinae, they all Shaw same electropharetic ruohility of LDH-A isaayme. This character showns that the species of this branch are closely related to thoso of Leuciscinac. The second branch consists of the species of Xenocyprininas and Hypophthalmichthyinae which show same eleetrapboretic mobility of LDII-B, isozyme, this result indicates the close relationship between species of this branch and other species of Cultrinae.

Abstract:The tissue eult.ure of the znantle of freshwater clams Criaria plicato and Anodonia woodiana elliptica has been carried out. Both clams are generally used in artificial pearl cultivation in our country. A balance salt solution and a sythetic culture medium had been designed and improved. Epithelial cells and fibroblast cells can grow and reproduce well in the culture. It has been observed that the epithelial cells do secrete dark brown organic pearl matter, vrhiuh males the tissue pieces becomes dark browncoloured.

Abstract:This paper deals with the comparatiiv morphology of the fins of Chinese Scorpaennid fishes with partie.ular referenee to their patterns. The Scorpaenaformes of China are represented by 15 families, 70 genera and 140 species. The order of study is dorsal, anal, caudal, pectoral and ventral fins. Aiccording to the combined characteristars of the fins, 20 patterns and 25 subpatterns are divided，which are named after the names of typical genera. Fivo divisions are presented, vix. (1) Morphological patterns of the fins of Chinese Scorpaenoid fishes, (2) Morphology and tendeney of different.iations of the fins, (3)Comparative morphology of the fins of Seorpaenifornles With those of Perciformos and other Orders, (4) Correlation between Morphology and Ecology of the fins, ( 5) Morphology of the fins and Phylogeny of Chinese Scorpaeniformas.

Abstract:鱼类增养殖业、畜牧业和养禽业是世界动物蛋白生产的三大部门。鱼类增养殖业的历史,在我国、埃及和印度几可追溯到3000多年以前,其生产规模和生产技术都已经历了很大的发展和改进,但在品种改良方面却远比畜牧业和养禽业落后。迄今为止,鱼类养殖品种,除个别种类如鲤Cyprinus carpio和虹鳟Salmo irideus经过长期选育形成了专门的家养品种外,其他养殖鱼类同夭然生长的野生品种比较,并无多大改进。从遗传学的观点看来,我国主要养殖的淡水鱼类,鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix、