In order to understand the differences of nutritional ingredients of muscle in Opsariichthys bidens under wild, pond and factory farming conditions, a comparative study was conducted on morphological indices, nutrient composition, amino acid content, fatty acid content, physicochemical property, heavy metal content of muscle. The results indicated that the muscle phenylalanine, aspartic acid, total essential amino acid, total non-essential amino acid and drip loss of O. bidens in wild were significantly higher than those in pond; the visceral body ratio, muscle crude protein, branched chain amino acid/aromatic amino acids, C16:0 and cooking rate were significantly lower than those in factory, but the moisture, methionine, sulfur-containing amino acids, C18:3n6, saturated fatty acid, lead, cadmium and copper were higher; no significant difference was found in the condition factor, muscle valine, leucine, threonine, lysine, isoleucine, glutamate, tyrosine, arginine, total amino acids, total semi-essential amino acids, flavor amino acid, bitter amino acid, delicious amino acid, C20:0, C20:2, C22:2, C22:1n9 and C20:5n3 of O. bidens between wild and factory. The results showed that compared with the wild and pond, the factory farming can increase the muscle crude protein, total amino acid, C20:5n3, cooking rate, and reduce drip loss, saturated fatty acid, cadmium, lead and copper, which is a better culture mode of O. bidens.