Since the outbreak of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in prawn in 1990s, WSSV has attracted extensive attention and research due to its wide outbreak range and high mortality. VP19 and VP28 are main envelope proteins of WSSV, which play important roles in the early stage of the prawn WSSV infection. These studies focused on using envelope proteins VP28 and VP19 to prepare submit vaccines to protect the host, which currently creates significant protective effect. This paper reviews the protein structure of VP28 and VP19 and their role in WSSV invasion, and the immune application of VP19 and VP28 vaccines in WSSV invasion, including protein subunit vaccine, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, and corresponding antibody. The protective efficiency of different types of vaccines is summarized, and the protective rate of VP19 + VP28 dual-potency vaccine is relatively high, which provides a reference for formulating effective methods of WSSV control.