The jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas is widely distributed throughout the Eastern Pacific Ocean.It is most abundant in Peruvian waters. D. gigas is now one of the most important target species in Chinese squid jigging fishery. In addition, D. gigas whose trophic level is in the middle of the food chain plays an important role in marine ecosystem, as both a predator and prey. In this study, the research on population structure, age, growth, reproduction habit, feeding ecology and migration path of D. gigas was reviewed. The fisheries biology, the trend of the relevant studies and the latest research progress were comprehensively summarized. We also discussed the issues of previous researches and proposed the future research directions, which includes more effective methods for age validation, amino acid stable isotope analysis for foraging ecology and a synthetic method consisting of mark-recapture, electronic tag, and natural marker for migration path. Meanwhile, the migration routes of D. gigas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean were plotted by analyzing and concluding the results of previous studies. This study will provide the basis for the rational exploitation and utilization and scientific management of D. gigas.