The artificial breeding and early development of the fluted giant clam (Tridacna squamosa) in South China Sea
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Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences

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S968.9

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    Abstract:

    This is the first report of the successful artificial breeding attempts of the giant clam Tridacna squamosa in the South China Sea. Artificial breeding of the fluted giant clam was conducted under the conditions of temperature 27-30℃, salinity 30-33, pH 8.0-8.3 during March to June 2016 at the Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan. The results showed that the serotonin can effectively promote gamete release; the hatching rate is higher when the ratio of sperm to eggs was maintained at 50-100:1 with zygote density of 15-20/mL; and the initial D-shaped larvae were obtained after 36 h of incubation. It took approximately five days of rearing for D-larvae to develop into the pediveliger larvae, entering metamorphic stage. Introduction of zooxanthellae was carried out after 6 days of rearing, and we found that larval metamorphosis was improved by soaking larvae (30-40 ind./mL) in 3×105-5×105/mL zooxanthellae for no more than 2 h. This ensured that larvae had taken up at least three zooxanthellae cells within their digestive glands. Pediveliger larvae were observed when larvae showed developed gills, secondary shell, and the establishment of zooxanthellae tubular system. After 7-10 days of rearing, spats were observed under the condition of stationary seawater. Spats were cultured using slow-flowing seawater under illumination of 2000-3000 lx, which could have promoted subsequent shell growth and organ development. During this stage, regular cleaning of filamentous algae is required, to prevent entanglement with spats and thus ensure the higher survival rate of spats. After 48 days and 65 days of culture, we obtained about 30000 spats with shell lengths of approximately 1.2 mm and ~5 000 youth with shell lengths of approximately 1.8 mm, respectively. This first study on the artificial breeding for the fluted giant clam can provide theoretical basis and reliable techniques for conducting giant clam aquaculture and transplantation work.

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ZHANG Yuehuan, XIAO Shu, LI Jun, MA Haitao, XIANG Zhiming, ZHANG Yang, YU Ziniu. The artificial breeding and early development of the fluted giant clam (Tridacna squamosa) in South China Sea[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(11):1713~1723

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History
  • Received:June 26,2016
  • Revised:September 03,2016
  • Adopted:November 15,2016
  • Online: November 25,2016
  • Published: