: To explore the pathogenesis and pathogenesis regularity of edema disease and determine the clinical diagnosis of the disease,7 soft-shelled turtles with typical clinical symptoms were chosen as subjects,which were selected from some suspected cases with “Pelodiscus sinensis spleen-and-kidney-induced edema” in Hangzhou and Haiyan County.The study went through by clinical anatomy and making paraffin section,using H.E.staining.At the part of vivisection,the cases were intact at surface but with anorexia,less activity and edema in neck and limbs with varying degrees.Genitals of 2 cases prolapsed.Oropharyngeal cavity was found with congestion,inflammation and less mucus.Symptoms of nasal and oral hemorrhage,liver congestion,gastrointestinal wall edema and hyperemia were found in some cases.The number of erythrocyte was increased,lymphocytic aggregated,eosinophil infiltration in spleen.Necrosis appeared in some area of spleen.Erythrocyte was congested with eosinophil infiltration in renal interstitial and glomerular.Granular degeneration and vacuolar degeneration happened in distal convoluted tubule and the proximal tubule,and seriously even necrosis.In a summary,a diagnosis of spleen-and-kidney-induced edema could be made in pathology.Artery in villus of oropharyngeal cavity was expanded and congested.Erythrocyte exuded into oropharyngeal cavity and even serious necrosis.Goblet cells closely packed in the epithelial of oropharyngeal cavity.The number of lymphocyte increased and eosinophil infiltrated in submucosa of oropharyngeal cavity.It can be seen that oropharyngeal cavity pathological changes were closely associated with the disease.Pathological changes of other tissues are not serious.The results also show that there is no gland like salivary gland or parotid in soft-shelled turtle.The disease name “swollen neck disease”and“mumps”should be abolished.