Seafood is rich in nutrients and is a source of high-quality healthy diet. The development of a seafood-based food strategy through fisheries has the potential to make a significant contribution to global food and nutrition security. However, due to human overfishing and environmental pollution, the marine ecosystem has been greatly damaged, and the sustainable development of marine fisheries is facing many challenges. China is the largest aquaculture country, and aquaculture accounts for the largest proportion in the seafood industry. However, due to the relatively backward aquaculture technology, farmers lack of professional scientific knowledge and imperfect management in the aquaculture industry, serious water eutrophication, water dissolved oxygen parameters reduction, antibiotic abuse and other issues have caused serious environmental burden to the aquaculture water. Artificial seafood is an inevitable trend in the context of social economy, environmental sustainability, and food nutrition safety. It can solve many problems and overcome disadvantages caused by the current traditional seafood industry, including fishing and freshwater aquaculture, and it is the mainstream direction of food in the future.
Artificial seafood meat is mainly divided into two kinds: one is the plant-based seafood meat which is synthesized by extracting high-quality protein, fat and pigment from plants, and the other is the cultured seafood meat which comes from the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells of marine organisms. The main raw material of vegetable meat is protein. The intake of high-quality and high-content protein products can not only meet people's dietary nutritional needs, but also help to improve blood glucose indicators, protect the heart, reduce body weight and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Cultured meat has great advantages in energy saving, emission reduction and safety, which give a strong impetus to the research of artificial seafood.
In this paper, the development status of artificial seafood meat was summarized, and the research and development process was analyzed emphatically. It is expected that the development and promotion of artificial seafood meat can be promoted through the integration of traditional ideas and new technologies, and win wide recognition from the public.
In order to realize the large-scale production of artificial seafood and meet the human demand for seafood, it is necessary to make good use of the three major sciences of foodomics, food synthetic biology and food perception biology, strengthen technological improvement and innovation, solve the problems in the process of cell culture, and develop a bioreactor suitable for stable proliferation and differentiation of various cells into muscle tissue. In addition, it is necessary to strictly control from food processing to process control and finished product testing, commit to the three major aspects of green, environmental protection, and health, and introduce artificial seafood meat food safety risk assessment and market supervision and management policies as soon as possible, which is of great significance for ensuring the safety of food supply and improving food biological manufacturing technology.