Scomber japonicus and Scomber australasicus are important small pelagic fishes in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. It is neccessary for us know the relationship between their fishery resource, fishing ground distribution and the factors such as time-space and marine environmental conditions, which are beneficial to exploit this resource. Based on the catch statistics of Pnunmatophorus japonicus from Chinese large purse seine vessels and environmental factors in the East China sea and Yellow sea from 1998 to 2004, the relationship between the abundance index and fishing ground distribution of mackerel and environmental factors are analyzed using generalized additive model (GAM) and general linear model (GLM). The results indicated that, the fishing ground are focused at the waters of 122.5°E-124°E and 26.5°N-28°N in the southern fishing area, in which this fish is concentrated near the waters of thermal fronts, and the optimum SST and SSS ranged from 26.5 to 30℃ and from 33.3 to 34.3 respectively. While in the north fishing area, the fishing ground is focused at the waters of 122.5°E-125.5°E and 33°N-37.5°N, in which this fish prefer to live near the colder water, and the optimum SST and SSS ranged from 15 to 20℃ and from 31.3 to 32.3 respectively. The relative abundance index (RAI) more than 0.5 are distributed in the waters of 122.5°E-124.5°E and 26.5°N-28°N, 122.5°E-125.5°E and 33°N-34.5°N, 124°E- 125°E and 34.5°N-37°N. It is conclude that it is obviously different for southern and northern fishing areas of this fish in the ranges of SST and SS. The importance impacting mackerel resource abundance is temporal, spatial, environmental and other factors in order.